<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?>

<INDICATOR name="FertRat">
	<NAME>FertRat</NAME>
	<DESCRIPTION>birth rate, fertility rate, pregnancy, childbirth</DESCRIPTION>
	<DEFAULT_INDICATOR_VIEW_NAME>FertRat.UT_US_Age</DEFAULT_INDICATOR_VIEW_NAME>
	<TITLE>General fertility rate</TITLE>
	<DEFINITION>Number of live births per 1,000 women aged 15-44 years.</DEFINITION>
	<NUMERATOR>Number of live births.</NUMERATOR>
	<DENOMINATOR>Total number of women aged 15-44 years in the population.</DENOMINATOR>
	<DATA_ISSUES>The age range can be slightly different, so it is important to note what age range is being used especially if comparison with other rates is contemplated.</DATA_ISSUES>
	<DATA_SOURCE_DATE>10/01/2024</DATA_SOURCE_DATE>
	<WHY_IMPORTANT>The general fertility rate is a more precise measure of tracking birth rate patterns among Utah and U.S. women than is the crude birth rate. While the crude birth rate and the general fertility rate both look at the total number of live births among the population, the crude birth rate is calculated using the total population including the young, old, male, and female. The general fertility rate is calculated using only females of reproductive age - defined as ages 15 through 44 years - residing in Utah during a specified time period. This results in a more sensitive indicator with which to study population growth and change.</WHY_IMPORTANT>
	<HOW_DOING>Utah's general fertility rate peaked in 2007, with a rate of 95.4 live births per 1,000 women aged 15 through 44 years of age. The rate has steadily declined since 2007 to 58.7 in 2023.</HOW_DOING>
	<STATE_VS_US>The general fertility rate for the U.S. has also declined since 2007, with a rate of 54.5 per 1,000 women aged 15-44 in 2023. In 2023, the Utah general fertility rate of 58.7 was higher than the U.S. general fertility rate of 54.5.</STATE_VS_US>
	<WHAT_DOING>Fertility rates are a measure of population growth and can be impacted by  economic, social, environmental, and/or demographic factors.</WHAT_DOING>
	<SERVICES_AVAILABLE_TO_PUBLIC>Access to family planning services are available in Utah from several sources: community health centers, Planned Parenthood Association of Utah, Family Planning Elevated, and private providers.  Utah law requires parental consent for unmarried minors to obtain contraception information and services from community health centers and clinics.

A 2018 Utah law allows pharmacies to dispense three types of contraception - pills, patch, or ring - through a statewide standing order issued by the Utah Department of Health and Human Services. People 18 years and older can go to any participating pharmacy to receive their pills, patch, or ring directly from the pharmacist. For more information and to see a list of participating pharmacies, see [https://mihp.utah.gov/birthcontrol].

Preconception and interpregnancy health information are available from the Utah Department of Health and Human Services at [https://mihp.utah.gov/].</SERVICES_AVAILABLE_TO_PUBLIC>
	<RESOURCES_REFERENCES_LINKS>Hamilton BE, Martin JA, Osterman MJK.
Births: provisional data for 2023. Vital
Statistics Rapid Release; no 35. April
2024. DOI: [https://dx.doi.org/10.15620/
cdc/151797].</RESOURCES_REFERENCES_LINKS>
	<ORG_UNIT_NAME>CFHS_Repro</ORG_UNIT_NAME>
	<OWNER_USER_ID>npalacios@utah.gov</OWNER_USER_ID>
	<STATUS_CODE>A</STATUS_CODE>
	<STATUS_DATE>10/02/2024</STATUS_DATE>
	<NOTE>10/23/20 - Nickee A/Nicole S - per previous instructions, reported overall state rate and confidence intervals for small areas
--------------------------------------------------------------------
Population estimates for years 1980-1999 are from the Utah Population Estimates Committee (UPEC) and the Governor's Office of Planning and Budget (GOPB). For more information see: http://www.governor.utah.gov/dea/demographics.html. Population estimates for years 2000-2011 are from the NCHS Bridged Race Vintage 2011 data set. For more information see: http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/nvss/bridged_race/data_documentation.htm#vintage2011.</NOTE>
	<SORT_ORDER>3</SORT_ORDER>
	<ACTIVE_FLAG>x</ACTIVE_FLAG>
	<MODIFIED_DATE>10/02/2024</MODIFIED_DATE>
	<MODIFIED_DESCRIPTION>Status changed by: kimneerings@utah.gov</MODIFIED_DESCRIPTION>
	<PUBLISHED_DATE>10/02/2024</PUBLISHED_DATE>
	<HEALTHY_PEOPLE_OBJECTIVE>
		<MODIFIED_DATE></MODIFIED_DATE>
	</HEALTHY_PEOPLE_OBJECTIVE>
	<DATA_SOURCES/>
	<RELATIONS>
		<RELATION name="PopChar">
			<NAME>PopChar</NAME>
			<TITLE>Relevant Population Characteristics</TITLE>
			<TEXT></TEXT>
			<RELATED_INDICATORS>
				<RELATED_INDICATOR>
					<NAME>AdoBrth</NAME>
					<TITLE>Adolescent births</TITLE>
					<DEFAULT_INDICATOR_VIEW_NAME>AdoBrth.Ut_USByAge</DEFAULT_INDICATOR_VIEW_NAME>
				</RELATED_INDICATOR>
				<RELATED_INDICATOR>
					<NAME>BrthRat</NAME>
					<TITLE>Birth rates</TITLE>
					<DEFAULT_INDICATOR_VIEW_NAME>BrthRat.UT_US</DEFAULT_INDICATOR_VIEW_NAME>
				</RELATED_INDICATOR>
				<RELATED_INDICATOR>
					<NAME>UniPreg</NAME>
					<TITLE>Births from unintended pregnancies</TITLE>
					<DEFAULT_INDICATOR_VIEW_NAME>UniPreg.UT</DEFAULT_INDICATOR_VIEW_NAME>
				</RELATED_INDICATOR>
			</RELATED_INDICATORS>
		</RELATION>
		<RELATION name="SystemFactors">
			<NAME>SystemFactors</NAME>
			<TITLE>Health Care System Factors</TITLE>
			<TEXT>Access to family planning services are available in Utah from several sources: community health centers, Planned Parenthood Association of Utah, Family Planning Elevated, and private providers.  Utah law requires parental consent for unmarried minors to obtain contraception information and services from community health centers and clinics.

A 2018 Utah law allows pharmacies to dispense three types of contraception - pills, patch, or ring - through a statewide standing order issued by the Utah Department of Health and Human Services. People who are are 18 years and older can go to any participating pharmacy to receive their pills, patch, or ring directly from the pharmacist. For more information and to see a list of participating pharmacies, see [https://mihp.utah.gov/birthcontrol].</TEXT>
			<RELATED_INDICATORS>
				<RELATED_INDICATOR>
					<NAME>AdoBrth</NAME>
					<TITLE>Adolescent births</TITLE>
					<DEFAULT_INDICATOR_VIEW_NAME>AdoBrth.Ut_USByAge</DEFAULT_INDICATOR_VIEW_NAME>
				</RELATED_INDICATOR>
				<RELATED_INDICATOR>
					<NAME>UniPreg</NAME>
					<TITLE>Births from unintended pregnancies</TITLE>
					<DEFAULT_INDICATOR_VIEW_NAME>UniPreg.UT</DEFAULT_INDICATOR_VIEW_NAME>
				</RELATED_INDICATOR>
			</RELATED_INDICATORS>
		</RELATION>
		<RELATION name="HealthStatus">
			<NAME>HealthStatus</NAME>
			<TITLE>Health Status Outcomes</TITLE>
			<TEXT>Interpregnancy spacing, the timing between a live birth and the next pregnancy, can have a risk of pregnancy complications, such as preterm birth, low birthweight, and small for gestational age. Research has shown that short intervals (less than 18 months) and long intervals (60+ months) were associated with higher risks of negative health outcomes for mother and baby.
[[br]]
[[br]]
----
Hanley GE, Hutcheon JA, Kinniburgh BA, and Lee K. Interpregnancy Interval and Adverse Pregnancy Outcomes An Analysis of Successive Pregnancies. Obstetrics &amp; Gynecology; vol 129 no 3. 2017. Accessed at  [https://beforeandbeyond.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/01/SIPI-and-Longitudinal-Adverse-Preg-Outcomes-Hanley-2017.pdf] on 10/21/2021.</TEXT>
		</RELATION>
	</RELATIONS>
	<INDICATOR_VIEWS>
		<INDICATOR_VIEW>
			<NAME>FertRat.UT_US_Age</NAME>
			<TITLE>General fertility rates,</TITLE>
			<SUB_TITLE>Utah vs. U.S.,</SUB_TITLE>
			<PERIOD_TITLE>2013-2023</PERIOD_TITLE>
			<Y_TITLE>Number of live births per 1,000 women aged 15-44</Y_TITLE>
		</INDICATOR_VIEW>
		<INDICATOR_VIEW>
			<NAME>FertRat.Age</NAME>
			<TITLE>Fertility rates</TITLE>
			<SUB_TITLE>by age, Utah,</SUB_TITLE>
			<PERIOD_TITLE>2023</PERIOD_TITLE>
			<Y_TITLE>Fertility rate per 1,000 women in the same age group</Y_TITLE>
		</INDICATOR_VIEW>
		<INDICATOR_VIEW>
			<NAME>FertRat.SA</NAME>
			<TITLE>General fertility rates</TITLE>
			<SUB_TITLE>by Utah Small Area,</SUB_TITLE>
			<PERIOD_TITLE>2023</PERIOD_TITLE>
			<Y_TITLE>Number of live births per 1,000 women ages 15-44</Y_TITLE>
		</INDICATOR_VIEW>
		<INDICATOR_VIEW>
			<NAME>FertRat.LHD</NAME>
			<TITLE>General fertility rates</TITLE>
			<SUB_TITLE>by local health district, Utah,</SUB_TITLE>
			<PERIOD_TITLE>2023</PERIOD_TITLE>
			<Y_TITLE>Number of live births per 1,000 women aged 15-44</Y_TITLE>
		</INDICATOR_VIEW>
	</INDICATOR_VIEWS>
</INDICATOR>
