Community Snapshot for Wasatch County Local Health District - All available indicators

Indicator	Community data			Comparison values
	Count/ rate	Confidence interval*	Compared to Utah	Utah	U.S.
Ischemic Heart Disease Deaths, 2019-2020 (Age-adjusted Rate per 100,000 Population) The rate of coronary heart disease-related deaths per 100,000 population.	41.4	(25.4 - 63.8)		63.8	--
Stroke Deaths, 2019-2020 (Age-adjusted Rate per 100,000 Population) The rate of stroke deaths (ICD-10 codes I60-I69 as the underlying cause of death) per 100,000 population.	35.0	(20.1 - 56.4)		34.4	--
Cancer Death Rate, 2020-2022 (Age-adjusted Rate per 100,000 Population) The rate of death from all cancers per 100,000 persons.	106.4	(87.1 - 128.8)		116.9	--
Breast Cancer Deaths, 2018-2022 (Age-adjusted Rate per 100,000 Women) The rate of death from cancer of the breast (ICD-10 C50) per 100,000 women.	21.6	(12.8 - 34.2)		19.7	--
Breast cancer, 2016-2020 (Age-adjusted incidence rate per 100,000 females) The rate of breast cancer incidence (ICD-10: C50) in Utah or U.S. per 100,000 females.	103.5	(81.7 - 129.4)		115.2	--
Ovarian Cancer Incidence Rate, 2014-2018 (Age-adjusted Incidence Rate per 100,000 Females) The rate of breast or ovarian cancer incidence in Utah or U.S. per 100,000 females.	9.8	(3.8 - 20.7)		10.8	--
Endometrial Cancer Incidence Under Age 50, 2013-2017 (Age-adjusted Incidence Rate per 100,000 Females) The rate of colorectal or endometrial cancer incidence in Utah or U.S. per 100,000 persons or females (respectively).	**	(0.4 - 11.7)	--	5.1	--
Colorectal Cancer Deaths, 2018-2022 (Age-adjusted Death Rate per 100,000 Population) The rate of death from cancer of the colon or rectum (ICD-10: C18-C21) per 100,000 persons.	9.4	(5.3 - 15.6)		10.5	--
Colorectal cancer incidence, 2018-2020 (Age-adjusted Rate per 100,000 Population) The rate of colorectal cancer incidence in Utah per 100,000 population. Cancer sites include colon, rectum, and rectosigmoid junction.	19.8	(11.4 - 31.9)		28.4	--
Lung Cancer Deaths, 2016-2020 (Age-adjusted Deaths per 100,000 Population) The rate of death from lung cancer (ICD-10: C33-C34) per 100,000 persons.	17.2	(10.5 - 26.4)		16.5	--
Lung cancer incidence, 2016-2020 (Age-adjusted rate per 100,000 population) The rate of lung cancer incidence in Utah per 100,000 population.	20.1	(13.3 - 29.1)		24.8	--
Prostate Cancer Deaths, 2018-2022 (Age-adjusted Rate per 100,000 Men) The rate of death from cancer of the prostate (ICD-10: C61) per 100,000 men.	24.4	(13.9 - 39.8)		21.4	--
Prostate cancer incidence, 2018-2020 (Age-adjusted rate per 100,000 males) The rate of prostate cancer incidence in Utah per 100,000 males.	137.9	(107.9 - 173.8)		119.0	--
Cervical Cancer Deaths, 2018-2022 (Age-adjusted Death Rate per 100,000 Females) The rate of death from cancer of the cervix in Utah or U.S. per 100,000 women.	5.9	(1.8 - 13.9)		1.8	--
Melanoma of the Skin Deaths, 2018-2022 (Age-adjusted Death Rate per 100,000 Population) The rate of death from melanoma of the skin (ICD-10: C43) per 100,000 population.	2.9	(0.9 - 6.9)		2.7	--
Melanoma of the skin incidence, 2018-2020 (Age-adjusted rate per 100,000 population) The rate of melanoma incidence in Utah per 100,000 population (ICD-O3 Site C440-C449 and Histology 8720-8790: Melanoma of the Skin, which corresponds to ICD-10 code C43).	51.7	(38.4 - 68.2)		40.8	--
Diabetes as an underlying cause of death, Utah, 2019-2022 (Age-adjusted rate per 100,000 population) Diabetes as the underlying cause of death refers to the first-listed cause of death with ICD-10 codes E10-E14 (diabetes mellitus).	11.4	(6.3 - 19.1)		26.4	--
Adults With Diabetes, 2021-2022 (Age-adjusted Percentage of Adults) Percentage of Utah adults (18+) diagnosed with diabetes.	6.0%	(4.2% - 8.5%)		8.7%	--
Percentage of birth records indicating gestational diabetes, 2020-2022 (Percentage of births) Percentages of births listing gestational diabetes on the birth certificate.	5.3%	(3.9% - 6.6%)		7.2%	--
Prediabetes, 2016-2018 and 2020 (Age-adjusted Percentage of Adults) Percentage of adults who have ever been told by a doctor or other health professional that they have prediabetes or borderline diabetes. Prediabetes is a condition in which an individual's blood sugar level is elevated but not high enough to reach a clinical diagnosis for diabetes.	8.5%	(7.4% - 9.6%)		11.4%	--
Alzheimer's Disease Deaths, 2020 (Age-adjusted Rate per 100,000) The rate of death from Alzheimer's disease (ICD-10 code G30) per 100,000 persons.	18.2	(4.8 - 47.6)		42.8	--
Parkinson's Disease, 2023 (Percentage distribution) Utah residents who have been diagnosed with Parkinson's disease	1.1%		--	--	--
Unintentional injury death, 2023 (Age-adjusted rate per 100,000 population) Unintentional deaths due to all causes per 100,000 population. ICD-10 codes V01-X59, Y85-Y86.	37.5	(20.0 - 64.0)		47.4	--
Poisoning:, 2019-2022 (Age-adjusted drug deaths per 100,000 population) __Poisoning deaths:__ number of deaths among Utah residents with underlying cause of death being poisoning (ICD-10 codes X40-X49, X60-X69, X85-X90, Y10-Y19, Y35.2, *U01 [.6-.7]) per 100,000 population. __Drug poisoning deaths:__ number of deaths among Utah residents resulting from drug poisoning (ICD-10 codes X40-X44, X60-X64, X85, Y10-Y14) per 100,000 population. __Prescription opioid deaths:__ number of unintentional and undetermined intent deaths among residents and non-residents resulting from prescription opioids that occurred in Utah.	11.1	(6.2 - 18.4)		19.9	--
Motor vehicle traffic crash deaths, 2019-2023 (Age-adjusted death rate per 100,000 population) Motor vehicle traffic crash deaths among Utah residents per 100,000. ICD-10 codes V02-04 [.1-.9], V09.2, V12-14 [.3-.9], V19 [.4-.6], V20-28 [.3-.9], V29-79 [.4-.9], V80 [.3-.5], V81-82 [.1], V83-86 [.0-.3], V87 [.0-.8], V89.2.	11.1	(6.8 - 17.0)		8.9	--
Unintentional fall injury, 2016-2022 (Hospitalizations per 10,000 population 65+) The number of hospitalizations due to unintentional falls per 10,000 population. ICD-10: W00-W19.	88.3	(78.0 - 99.6)		104.6	--
TBI hospitalization, 2016-2022 (Age-adjusted rate per 10,000 population) TBI Hospitalizations Rate: The rate of TBIs of all injury intentions resulting in non-fatal hospitalizations per 10,000 population. For all definitions, these cases may include a TBI alone or in combination with other injuries or conditions. ICD-10-CM Hospital Codes for TBI Morbidity: S02.0 (fracture of vault of skull), S02.1 (fracture of the base of the skull); S02.8X (fractures of other specified skull and facial bones), S02.91 (unspecified fracture of skull); S04.02 (injury of optic chiasm), S04.03 (injury of optic tract and pathways), S04.04 (injuries of visual cortex); S06 (intracranial injury); S07.1 (crushing injury of skull); T74.4 (shaken infant syndrome).	7.7	(6.5 - 8.9)		7.1	--
Homicide, Utah 2014-2023 and U.S. 2013-2022 (Age-adjusted rate per 100,000 population) Number of resident deaths resulting from the intentional use of force or power, threatened or actual, against another person, per 100,000 population. ICD-10 codes X85-X99, Y00-Y09, Y87.1, U01-U02.	**	(0.0 - 1.4)	--	2.4	6.4
High ACE Score, 2018, 2020, and 2022 (Age-adjusted percentage of adults) Adverse Childhood Experiences, or ACEs, are potentially traumatic events that occur in childhood (0-17 years) such as experiencing violence, abuse, or neglect; witnessing violence in the home; and having a family member attempt or die by suicide. Also included are aspects of the child's environment that can undermine their sense of safety, stability, and bonding such as growing up in a household with substance misuse, mental health problems, or instability due to parental separation or incarceration of a parent, sibling or other member of the household.	14.5%	(10.0% - 20.6%)		18.7%	--
Self-reported child emotional abuse prevalence (BRFSS, age-adjusted), 2013, 2016, 2018, 2020 (Percentage) Self-reported child emotional abuse data is retrospective data collected from adults via the Utah BRFSS Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs) Module and youth via the Utah YRBS tier 2 ACEs and Positive Childhood Experiences (PCEs) questionnaire. Adult prevalence is looking retrospectively at their whole childhood (<18), while youth prevalence only looks back at the previous 12 months.	28.1	(23.1 - 33.6)		38.3	--
Self-reported child physical abuse prevalence (BRFSS, age-adjusted), 2013, 2016, 2018, 2020 (Percentage) Self-reported child physical abuse data is retrospective data collected from adults via the Utah BRFSS Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs) Module and youth via the Utah YRBS tier 2 ACEs and Positive Childhood Experiences (PCEs) questionnaire. Adult prevalence is looking retrospectively at their whole childhood (<18), while youth prevalence only looks back at the previous 12 months.	14.8	(11.3 - 19.2)		21.4	--
Self-reported child sexual abuse prevalence (BRFSS, age-adjusted), 2013, 2016, 2018, 2020 (Percentage) Self-reported child sexual abuse data is retrospective data collected from adults via three questions in the Utah BRFSS Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs) Module and youth via the Utah YRBS tier 2 ACEs and Positive Childhood Experiences (PCEs) questionnaire. Adult prevalence is looking retrospectively at their whole childhood (<18), while youth prevalence only looks back at the previous 12 months.	11.4	(8.6 - 15.0)		13.9	--
Suicide, Utah 2021-2023 and U.S. 2020-2022 (Age-adjusted rate per 100,000 population) Suicide Death Rate: Number of resident deaths resulting from the intentional use of force against oneself per 100,000 population (ICD-10 codes X60-X84, Y87.0, *U03). Suicide Risk Among Students: Percentage of students who reported a suicide risk factor (felt sad or hopeless, seriously considered attempting suicide, made a suicide plan, or attempted suicide) during the past 12 months.	14.3	(8.1 - 23.4)		20.9	13.9
Child Injury Death Rate, 2013-2022 (Deaths per 100,000 Population) Injury deaths among children aged 0-17 due to all causes per 100,000 children (ICD-10 codes V01-Y36, Y85-Y87, Y89, *U01-*U03)	8.0	(3.4 - 15.7)		11.6	--
Infant mortality, 2020-2023 (Deaths per 1,000 live births) Number of infants who died before their first birthday (under 365 days), per 1,000 live births.	**	(1.8 - 9.3)	--	5.1	--
Severe maternal morbidity among hospital deliveries, 2020-2021 (Rate per 10,000 delivery hospitalizations) The number of severe maternal morbidity events per 10,000 delivery hospitalizations	**		--	80.9	--
Preterm births (less than 37 weeks gestation), 2023 (Percentage of live born infants) The number of live births under 37 weeks gestation divided by the total number of live births over the same time period.	10.4%	(7.7% - 14.0%)		9.4%	10.4%
Fair or poor general health, 2023 (Age-adjusted percentage of persons) Percentage of adults aged 18 years and older who reported fair or poor general health.	10.8%	(6.1% - 18.4%)		14.5%	18.6%
Seven or more days of poor physical health in the past 30 days, 2023 (Age-adjusted percentage of adults) Percentage of adults aged 18 years and older who reported seven or more days when their physical health was not good in the past 30 days	12.7%	(7.7% - 20.2%)		17.6%	17.8%
Seven or more days of poor mental health in the past 30 days, 2023 (Age-adjusted percentage of adults) Percentage of adults aged 18 years and older who reported seven or more days when their mental health was not good in the past 30 days.	23.6%	(16.0% - 33.4%)		23.7%	24.0%
Depression Prevalence, 2020-2022 (Age-adjusted Percentage of Adults) The percentage of adults aged 18 and above who have ever been told by a doctor, nurse, or other health professionals that they have a depressive disorder, including depression, major depression, dysthymia, or minor depression.	18.1%	(14.1% - 23.0%)		24.5%	--
Doctor-diagnosed Hypercholesterolemia (High Blood Cholesterol), 2021 (Age-adjusted Percentage of Adults) The proportion of adults who have ever been told by a doctor, nurse, or other health professional that they have high blood cholesterol.	26.1%	(18.7% - 35.2%)		25.4%	27.4%
Doctor-diagnosed Hypertension, 2021 (Age-adjusted Percentage of Adults) The percentage of adults who have ever been told by a doctor, nurse, or other health professionals that they have high blood pressure. This indicator is used to estimate the prevalence of high blood pressure in Utah. Data are from the Utah Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS).	24.0%	(17.7% - 31.6%)		27.6%	30.3%
Adult asthma prevalence, 2021-2022 and U.S. 2022 (Age-adjusted percentage of adults) Adults aged 18+ (unless otherwise noted), who reported having been told by a doctor that they have asthma and who currently have asthma.	9.4%	(5.7% - 15.1%)		10.3%	10.0%
Asthma prevalence among children, 2018-2022 and U.S. 2022 (Percentage of children 0-17) Percentage of Utah children ages 0-17 who have ever been diagnosed with asthma and who still have asthma.	5.2%	(3.1% - 8.5%)		6.0%	6.7%
Arthritis prevalence, 2021-2023 combined years and U.S., 2022 (Age-adjusted percentage of adults) Percentage of persons who have ever been told by a doctor or other health professional that they have some form of arthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, gout, lupus, or fibromyalgia.	20.5%	(17.3% - 24.2%)		22.6%	24.0%
Pertussis Rates, 2023 (Rate per 100,000 population) The public health case definition for pertussis (whooping cough) is:[[br]] 1) a cough illness lasting 2 or more weeks, with at least 1 of the following symptoms present: paroxysms of coughing, inspiratory whoop, post-tussive vomiting, or apnea (with or without cyanosis) AND absence of a more likely diagnosis, OR[[br]] 2) cough illness of any duration with at least 1 of the following symptoms: paroxysms of coughing, inspiratory whoop, post-tussive vomiting, or apnea (without or without cyanosis) AND contact with a laboratory confirmed case (epidemiologic linkage) OR[[br]] 3) an acute cough illness of any duration with either isolation of ''Bordetella pertussis'' or a positive PCR for ''B. pertussis''.	19.8		--	4.2	1.6
Reported confirmed and probable campylobacteriosis cases, 2022 (Reported cases per 100,000) Campylobacteriosis is an infectious disease that is a leading cause of acute diarrheal illness worldwide. Symptoms can range from no symptoms to severe bloody diarrhea with symptoms similar to acute appendicitis. However, the most common symptoms are diarrhea, abdominal pain, malaise, fever, nausea, and vomiting. It is caused by a motile, gram negative bacteria of the genus ''Campylobacter''.	48.3		--	19.8	--
Reported Confirmed and Probable STEC Infections, 2022 (Rate per 100,000 Person-Years) Number of reported culture-confirmed and probable cases of infections caused by Shiga toxin-producing ''Escherichia coli'' O157:H7 and non-O157 serogroups per 100,000 population per year.	32.2		--	8.1	--
Rate of Reported Confirmed and Probable Salmonella Cases in Utah, 2022 (Rate per 100,000 Person-Years) Number of reported culture-confirmed and probable cases of ''Salmonella'' infections per 100,000 population per year.	13.4		--	11.6	--
Chlamydia, 2022 (Cases per 100,000 Persons) Rate of newly reported cases of chlamydia by date of diagnosis per 100,000 persons.	188.3		--	328.7	495.0
Gonorrhea, 2022 (Cases per 100,000 Population) Rate of newly reported cases of gonorrhea by date of diagnosis per 100,000 population.	38.2		--	91.2	194.4
Primary and Secondary Syphilis, 2022 (Cases per 100,000 Persons) Rate of newly reported cases of primary and secondary syphilis by date of diagnosis per 100,000 persons.	5.5		--	7.0	17.7
Rate of People Living With HIV/AIDS, 2020 (Number of Cases per 100,000 Population) Number of people diagnosed with HIV and living with HIV in Utah.	40.1	(21.9 - 67.2)		88.6	--
Current Cigarette Smoking, 2021 and 2023 (combined) (Percentage of Students (Grades 8, 10, 12)) Percentage of students who smoked cigarettes on one or more of the past 30 days.	0.8%	(0.3% - 1.9%)		1.0%	--
Electronic Cigarettes, 2023 (Percentage of Students in Grades 8, 10, and 12) __Youth experimentation with electronic cigarettes:__ percentage of students in grades 8, 10, 12 who have used electronic cigarettes in their lifetime. __Current use of electronic cigarettes among youth:__ percentage of students in grades 8, 10, 12 who have used electronic cigarettes in the past 30 days. __Current use of electronic cigarettes among adults:__ percentage of adults (age 18+) who currently use electronic cigarettes every day or some days.	7.1%	(4.2% - 11.7%)		7.5%	--
Current Cigarette Smoking, 2021-2022 (Age-adjusted Percentage of Adults 18+) Current smoking: Percentage of adults aged 18 years and older who smoke cigarettes every day or some days.[[br]] [[br]] Quit attempt: Percentage of current smokers aged 18 years and older who reported that they stopped smoking for one day or longer in the past 12 months because they were trying to quit.	8.1%	(4.4% - 14.4%)		7.1%	--
Smoking in the third trimester of pregnancy, 2020-2022 (Percentage of people) Women who reported smoking during the third trimester of their pregnancies.	**		--	1.4%	--
Binge Drinking in the Past 30 Days, 2022 (Crude Percentage of Adults) '''''Binge drinking''''' is defined as a pattern of alcohol consumption that brings the blood alcohol concentration (BAC) level to 0.08% or above. This typically happens when men consume 5 or more drinks, and when women consume 4 or more drinks, on one occasion. It is listed as the percentage of survey respondents who reported binge drinking during the 30 days prior to the survey. [[img src ="https://www.cdc.gov/vitalsigns/alcohol-screening-counseling/images/problem1_970px.jpg" width = "652" height= "455"]]	11.2%	(5.7% - 20.9%)		12.8%	--
Heavy Drinking in the Past 30 Days, 2020-2022 (Crude Percentage of Adults) '''Heavy drinking''' is defined as consuming 8 or more alcoholic beverages per week for women or 15 or more alcoholic beverages per week for men. It is listed as the percentage of adults aged 18 years and older who reported heavy drinking during the 30 days prior to the survey. [[img src ="https://www.cdc.gov/vitalsigns/alcohol-screening-counseling/images/problem1_970px.jpg" width = "652" height= "455"]]	5.2%	(3.0% - 8.9%)		4.5%	--
Illegal substance on one or more of the past 30 days:, 2023 (Percentage reporting alcohol use (grades 8, 10, 12)) Students who reported using alcohol or marijuana during the past 30 days. Data from the Youth Risk Behavior Survey (YRBS) are from students in grades 9-12. Data from the Prevention Needs Assessment Survey (PNA) are from students in grades 8, 10, and 12.	3.3%	(1.6% - 6.8%)		4.3%	--
Family meals, 2023 (Age-adjusted percentage of adults) The percentage of adults who live in households where family members ate meals together 5 or more times in the past 7 days	53.5%	(41.9% - 64.7%)		65.4%	--
Fruit consumed two or more times per day, 2021 (Age-adjusted percentage of adults 18+) The percentage of adults who reported consuming fruit 2 or more times a day.	33.9%	(25.2% - 43.9%)		29.2%	--
Vegetables consumed 3 or more times per day, 2019 and 2021 (Age-adjusted percentage of adults 18+) The percentage of adults who reported consuming vegetables at least 3 times per day in the past month.	11.9%	(8.6% - 16.2%)		12.6%	--
Activity limitation in the past 30 days, 2022 (Age-adjusted percentage of adults) During the past 30 days, for about how many days did poor physical or mental health keep you from doing your usual activities, such as self-care, work, or recreation?	13.5%	(8.4% - 21.0%)		22.2%	25.0%
Recommended amount of aerobic physical activity, 2023 (Age-adjusted percentage of adults aged 18+) Percentage of adults aged 18 years and older who meet aerobic physical activity recommendations of getting at least 150 minutes per week of moderate-intensity activity, or 75 minutes of vigorous-intensity activity, or an equivalent combination of moderate-vigorous intensity activity.	63.5%	(54.3% - 71.8%)		65.4%	--
Recommended amount of muscle-strengthening activity, 2023 (Age-adjusted percentage of adults aged 18+) Percentage of adults aged 18 years and older who reported doing muscle-strengthening activities on two or more days of the week.	49.2%	(40.8% - 57.7%)		44.1%	--
Recommended physical activity, 2023 (Percentage of adolescents in grades 8, 10, and 12) The percentage of public high school students who were physically active doing any kind of physical activity that increased their heart rate and made them breathe hard some of the time for a total of at least 60 minutes per day on all of the past seven days.	20.0%	(13.2% - 28.9%)		18.0%	--
Adult obesity, 2023 (Age-adjusted percentage of adults) Percentage of respondents aged 18 years and older who have a body mass index (BMI) greater than or equal to 30.0 kg/m^2^ calculated from self-reported weight and height.	19.7%	(14.0% - 27.1%)		31.0%	--
Overweight or obese, 2023 (Age-adjusted percentage of adults aged 18+) Overweight is defined as having a body mass index (BMI) that is between 25.0 to <30. Obesity is defined as a BMI of 30 or more. BMI is calculated by dividing weight in kilograms by the square of height in meters.^1^[[br]] [[br]] ---- 1. CDC [https://www.cdc.gov/nccdphp/dnpao/data-trends-maps/help/npao_dtm/definitions.html Defining Adult Overweight and Obesity]	50.9%	(42.4% - 59.3%)		65.8%	--
Percentage of adolescents who were obese, 2023 (Percentage of adolescents) Body mass index (BMI) is widely used to determine obesity and overweight because it is inexpensive, reproducible, and convenient. BMI is calculated using the individual's height, weight, age, and sex.^1^ For individuals aged 2 to 20, overweight and obesity are determined by calculating the individual's BMI and comparing it to age and sex-standardized growth charts distributed by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Children and adolescents are considered to have obesity if their BMI is greater than or equal to the 95th percentile for BMI by age and sex based on the 2000 CDC Growth Charts.^2^[[br]] [[br]] ---- 1. Child and Teen BMI Categories [https://www.cdc.gov/bmi/child-teen-calculator/bmi-categories.html][[br]] 2. Child and Teen BMI Calculator. Center for Disease Control and Prevention. [https://www.cdc.gov/bmi/child-teen-calculator/index.html]	11.2%	(5.4% - 21.7%)		10.4%	--
Obese BMI prior to pregnancy, 2020-2022 (Percentage of women) Percentage of women who delivered a live birth and had a body mass index (BMI) greater than or equal to 30.0 kg/m^2^ calculated from pre-pregnancy weight and height.	18.4%	(15.9% - 20.9%)		24.4%	--
Births from unintended pregnancies, 2020-2022 (Percentage of women with live births) Percentage of Utah women with live births who reported their most recent pregnancy was unintended.	**		--	18.9%	--
Birth rate for females aged 15-19, 2023 (Rate per 1,000 adolescent females) The adolescent birth rate is reported as the number of live births per 1,000 adolescent females aged 15-19.	**	(1.7 - 8.5)	--	8.0	13.1
No Health Insurance Coverage, 2019 (Age-adjusted Percentage of Persons) The percentage of persons without health insurance coverage	19.5%	(13.2% - 27.9%)		12.5%	--
Cost as a barrier to care in past year, 2022 (Age-adjusted percentage of adults) Percentage of adults aged 18 years and older who reported they were unable to receive needed health care in the past year due to cost.	6.2%	(3.0% - 12.4%)		11.6%	11.9%
, ()			n/a	--	--
Telehealth utilization among adults, 2021 (Age-adjusted percentage of Adults) Percentage of Utah adults (18+) utilizing telehealth	25.7%	(18.0% - 35.3%)	n/a	31.3%	--
Asthma hospitalizations, 2018-2022 (Age-adjusted rate per 10,000 population) Rate: Number of hospitalizations due to asthma per 10,000 population.[[br]] Number: Number of hospitalizations due to asthma.	2.1	(1.5 - 2.9)		2.5	--
Asthma-related emergency department visits, 2021-2022 (Age-adjusted rate per 10,000 population) Rate: Emergency department visits due to asthma per 10,000 Utah residents. [[br]] Number: Emergency department visits due to asthma.	12.6	(10.1 - 15.5)		19.1	--
Adults with diabetes who had at least 2 hemoglobin A1C tests in the past 12 months, 2015-2019 (Age-adjusted percentage of adults with diabetes) Percentage of adults aged 18 or older with diagnosed diabetes who self-report they had at least two A1C tests during the prior 12 months.	84.2%	(73.3% - 91.2%)		70.2%	--
At least one primary provider, 2022 (Age-adjusted percentage of adults) Percentage of adults who reported having one or more persons they think of as their personal doctor or health care provider.	82.9%	(74.6% - 88.9%)		80.5%	80.7%
Routine medical check-up in the past 12 months, 2022 (Age-adjusted percentage of adults) Percentage of Utah adults who reported a routine check-up in the past year.	62.7%	(53.5% - 71.0%)		70.3%	74.4%
Dental visit in the past year, 2022 (Age-adjusted percentage of adults) Percentage of adults ages 18 years and older who reported a dental visit in the past year.	77.5%	(68.0% - 84.8%)		71.5%	63.4%
Prenatal care in the first trimester of pregnancy, 2023 (Percentage of mothers) Number of infants born to pregnant women receiving prenatal care in the first trimester as a percentage of the total number of live births.	74.6%	(69.9% - 78.8%)		71.1%	76.1%
Influenza vaccination in the past 12 months, 2023 (Crude percentage of adults age 65+) Number of adults who reported receiving an influenza vaccination in the past 12 months.	51.2%	(28.0% - 73.9%)		58.2%	63.4%
Ever received pneumococcal vaccination, 2023 (Percentage of adults 65+) Percentage of adults 65+ who reported receiving a pneumococcal vaccination at any point in their lifetime.	77.2%	(58.8% - 88.9%)		72.0%	70.2%
Cholesterol Checked Within the Past Five Years, 2021 (Age-adjusted Percentage of Adults) Percentage of adults aged 18 years and older who have had their cholesterol checked within 5 years.	86.1%	(77.5% - 91.7%)		81.2%	--
Mammogram Within the Past Two Years, 2022 (Age-adjusted Percentage of Women Age 40+) The proportion of women 40 years or older who reported having a mammogram in the last two years.	75.3%	(63.3% - 84.4%)		63.8%	--
Pap Test Within the Past Three Years, 2019 and 2020 (Age-adjusted Percentage of Women Aged 18+) The proportion of women 18 years or older who reported having a Pap test in the last three years.	57.4%	(47.7% - 66.6%)		60.9%	--
Recommended Colon Cancer Screening, 2020 (Percentage of Adults Ages 50-75) The proportion of respondents ages 50-75 who reported having recommended colorectal cancer screening (sigmoidoscopy or colonoscopy in the past 10 years or having an FOBT [fecal occult blood test] in the last year).	75.9%	(64.5% - 84.5%)		74.3%	--
Men Aged 40+ Who Reported Ever Having a PSA Test, 2018 and 2020 (Age-adjusted Percentage of Men 40+) The percentage of men aged 40 and above who reported having a prostate-specific antigen (PSA) test in the last five years or who reported ever having had a PSA test.	43.4%	(35.7% - 51.4%)	n/a	37.2%	--
Utah Population Count Estimates, 2022 (Number of Persons) Estimated and projected number of persons living in Utah.	37,235		n/a	3,404,760	--
Percentage of Persons, 2022 (Percentage of Persons Aged 65+) The percentage of persons in each age group.	13.3%		n/a	12.1%	17.1%
Utah White Only Population:, ACS 2018-2022 (Percentage of Persons) Number and percentage distribution of racial and ethnic populations.	82.4%		n/a	76.8%	58.9%
Birth rates, 2023 (Number of births per 1,000 residents) Number of live births per 1,000 population.	10.4	(9.4 - 11.4)	n/a	13.0	10.7
General fertility rates, 2023 (Number of live births per 1,000 women aged 15-44) Number of live births per 1,000 women aged 15-44 years.	53.0	(47.9 - 58.5)	n/a	58.7	54.5
Life expectancy at birth, 2019-2023 and U.S., 2022 (Age in years) Life expectancy is an estimate of the expected average number of years of life (or a person's age at death) for individuals who were born into a particular population. The method developed by C.L. Chiang was used to compute life expectancy.	82.0	(81.4 - 82.6)		79.4	77.5
Percentage of Households, 2018-2022 ACS (Percentage of All Households) Percentage of households by family type and presence of children.	3.5%	(2.2% - 4.8%)	n/a	4.6%	6.2%
Educational Attainment:, 2018-2022 ACS 5-year Estimate (Percentage of Utahns Age 25+) Educational attainment among adults. Education level categories include: less than high school; high school graduate (includes equivalency); some college; Associate's degree; Bachelor's degree; and Graduate or Professional degree.	46.7%	(43.5% - 49.9%)		36.1%	34.3%
Median Annual Household Income, 2022 (Dollars) Median annual household income is the income level at which half of all households' income is lower, and half of all households' income is higher.	$115,793		--	$88,531	$74,755
Income per Capita, 2018-2022 Combined 5-year Estimates (Income per Capita (dollars)) Per capita income, also known as income per person, is the mean income of the people in a region such as a state, county, or city. It is calculated by taking all sources of income in the aggregate and dividing it by the total population (every man, woman, and child in a particular group including those living in group quarters).	$51,178	($47,284 - $55,072)		$37,023	$41,261
Persons Living in Poverty, 2022 (Percentage of Persons) The percentage of persons living in households whose income is at or below the federal poverty threshold.	5.0%	(3.8% - 6.2%)		8.3%	12.6%
Child poverty, 2022 (Percentage of children) Percentage of children age 17 and younger living in households with income at or below the federal poverty threshold.	5.6%	(3.8% - 7.4%)		8.5%	16.3%
Disability prevalence, 2022-2023 combined years (Age-adjusted percentage of adults) Percentage of persons who responded yes to any of the following questions:[[br]] 1. Are you blind or do you have serious difficulty seeing, even when wearing glasses?[[br]] 2. Because of a physical, mental, or emotional condition, do you have serious difficulty concentrating, remembering, or making decisions?[[br]] 3. Do you have serious difficulty walking or climbing stairs?[[br]] 4. Do you have difficulty dressing or bathing?[[br]] 5. Because of a physical, mental, or emotional condition, do you have any difficulty doing errands alone such as visiting a doctor's office or shopping?[[br]] 6. Are you deaf or do you have serious difficulty hearing?	20.2%	(15.2% - 26.4%)		26.9%	--

Key to Symbols

*	For information on confidence intervals, see https://ibis.utah.gov/ibisph-view/pdf/resource/ConfInts.pdf.
**	Data suppressed
	The community is performing BETTER than the state, and the difference is statistically significant.
	The community value is the same or ABOUT THE SAME as the state. Differences are not statistically significant.
	The community is performing WORSE than the state, and the difference is statistically significant.
--	Either the comparison value or confidence interval data are not available.
n/a	Not applicable: This indicator has no target direction.
The community value is considered statistically significantly different from the state value if the state value is outside the range of the community's 95% confidence interval. If the community's data or 95% confidence interval information is not available, a blank image will be displayed with the message, "missing information."
NOTE: In this report, the assessment of whether a community is better or worse is based solely on the statistical difference between the community and state values. When selecting priority health issues to work on, a community should take into account additional factors such as how much improvement could be made, the U.S. value, the statistical stability of the community number, the severity of the health condition, and whether the difference is clinically significant.

Table footnotes

Ischemic Heart Disease Deaths

• Why Is It Important? Ischemic heart disease (sometimes called coronary heart disease or coronary artery disease) is a condition in which blood flow to the heart is reduced. A common cause of this condition is a buildup of plaque in the arteries. When the coronary arteries become narrowed or clogged, an inadequate amount of blood oxygen reaches the heart tissue.
  
• Numerator. The number of deaths with ICD-10 codes I20-I25 listed as primary cause.
  Denominator. Total midyear resident population for the same calendar year.
  
• Data Sources. Population Estimates: National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS) through a collaborative agreement with the U.S. Census Bureau, IBIS Version 2020
  Utah Death Certificate Database, Office of Vital Records and Statistics, Utah Department of Health and Human Services
  
• Data Notes. This indicator uses ICD-10 codes for ischemic heart disease, ICD-10 code I20-I25. Note that this indicator was formerly called coronary heart disease deaths. After a review by the HEAL Program, it was determined ischemic heart disease was a better term and matches the CDC coding. The name of the indicator has been changed to "Ischemic Heart Disease Deaths" (see https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK209964/).  [[br]] [[br]] Rates are age-adjusted to the 2000 U.S. standard population using 11 age categories.
  
• Date Indicator Content Last Updated. 11/29/2022
  

Stroke (Cerebrovascular Disease) Deaths

• Why Is It Important? In the U.S., there are more than 140,000 deaths due to stroke each year ([https://www.cdc.gov/stroke/facts.htm]). Stroke, the death of brain tissue usually resulting from artery blockage, was the sixth leading cause of death in Utah in 2020. There were 916 deaths with stroke as the underlying cause of death in the state.
  
• Numerator. The number of deaths due to stroke (ICD-10 codes I60-I69 as the underlying cause of death) in a calendar year.
  Denominator. Total midyear resident population for the same calendar year.
  
• Data Sources. Utah Death Certificate Database, Office of Vital Records and Statistics, Utah Department of Health
  Population Estimates: National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS) through a collaborative agreement with the U.S. Census Bureau, IBIS Version 2018
  
• Data Notes. ICD-10 codes I60-I69 (equivalent to NCHS 113 Leading Causes of Death #61: Cerebrovascular Diseases). Rates are age-adjusted to the 2000 U.S. standard population using 11 age groups.
  
• Date Indicator Content Last Updated. 10/18/2021
  

Cancer Deaths

• Why Is It Important? Cancer is the second leading cause of death in both the U.S. and in Utah. The age-adjusted cancer death rate in Utah has decreased substantially over time, from 157.5 deaths per 100,000 population in 1999 to 114.0 deaths per 100,000 population in 2022. In 2022, the latest year for which mortality data is available, a total of 3,499 Utahns died from cancer. Although the overall cancer death rate in Utah is declining, certain groups continue to experience a disproportionate burden of cancer compared with other groups due to social, environmental, and economic disadvantages. Population groups that may experience cancer disparities include groups defined by geography, race, ethnicity, age, sex, income, education, disability, and/or other characteristics. Cancers generally develop over several years and can have many causes. Several factors both inside and outside the body may contribute to the development of cancer. Some of these factors include genetic mutations, tobacco and alcohol use, poor diet, obesity, physical inactivity, and excessive sunlight exposure. Other factors may include exposure to ionizing radiation and environmental chemicals that may be present in the workplace, food, air, or water such as asbestos, benzene, and arsenic.
  
• Numerator. Number of deaths due to cancer (ICD-10 codes C00-C97).
  Denominator. Population of Utah or U.S. for a given time period.
  
• Data Sources. Utah Death Certificate Database, Office of Vital Records and Statistics, Utah Department of Health and Human Services
  For years 2020 and later, the population estimates are provided by the Kem C. Gardner Policy Institute, Utah state and county annual population estimates are by single year of age and sex, IBIS Version 2022
  
• Data Notes. ICD-10 codes C00-C97. Age-adjusted to the U.S. 2000 standard population.
  
• Date Indicator Content Last Updated. 07/29/2024
  

Breast Cancer Deaths

• Why Is It Important? Breast cancer is the most commonly occurring cancer in U.S. women (excluding skin cancers) and a leading cause of female cancer deaths in both Utah and the U.S. Nationally, deaths from lung cancer surpass deaths from breast cancer; however, breast cancer is the leading cause of cancer death among Utah women. Deaths from breast cancer can be substantially reduced if the tumor is discovered at an early stage. Mammography is currently the best method for detecting cancer early. Clinical trials and observational studies have demonstrated that routine screening with mammography can reduce breast cancer mortality by about 20% for women of average risk.^1^ Certain risk factors are linked to the development of breast cancer such as increased age, smoking, obesity, dense breast tissue, lower socioeconomic status, exposure to ionizing radiation, family history of breast cancer, BRCA 1 or BRCA 2 gene mutations, alcohol consumption, and hormonal influence over time. Some studies indicate that environmental contaminants such as benzene and organic solvents can also cause mammary tumors, but clear links have not been established.[[br]] [[br]] ---- ''1. Myers ER, Moorman P, Gierisch JM, et al. Benefits and harms of breast cancer screening. JAMA. doi:10.1001/jama.2015.13183.''
  
• Numerator. The number of deaths due to breast cancer among women for a given time period (ICD-10 C50).
  Denominator. The female population of Utah or U.S. for a given time period.
  
• Data Sources. Utah Death Certificate Database, Office of Vital Records and Statistics, Utah Department of Health and Human Services
  For years 2020 and later, the population estimates are provided by the Kem C. Gardner Policy Institute, Utah state and county annual population estimates are by single year of age and sex, IBIS Version 2022
  Population Estimates for 2000-2019: National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS) through a collaborative agreement with the U.S. Census Bureau, IBIS Version 2020
  
• Data Notes. Codes used to define female breast cancer: ICD-10 C50.  ^ ^[[br]] Rates are age-adjusted to the 2000 U.S. standard population.[[br]] [[br]] ^ ^*Use caution in interpreting, the estimate has a relative standard error greater than 30% and does not meet DHHS standards for reliability.
  
• Date Indicator Content Last Updated. 03/26/2024
  

Breast Cancer Incidence

• Why Is It Important? Breast cancer is the most commonly occurring cancer in U.S. females (except for skin cancers) and the leading cause of female cancer related death in Utah. Breast cancer can occur in males, but is very rare, so in this report we focus only on statistics for female breast cancer. Certain risk factors are linked to breast cancer. The main risk factors include female sex and older age. Some people get breast cancer without any other known risk factors. Other risk factors include, but are not limited to, certain genetic mutations, family history of breast cancer, reproductive history, having dense breast tissue, being physically inactive, and high alcohol consumption.^1^ The risk of death from breast cancer is greatly reduced when the cancer is detected at an early stage. Routine mammography screening is important for detecting breast cancer early. If the tumor is found early enough, the risk of death can be lowered. Clinical trials and observational studies have demonstrated that routine screening with mammography can reduce breast cancer mortality by about 20% for those of average risk.^2^[[br]] [[br]] ---- 1. [https://www.cdc.gov/cancer/breast/basic_info/risk_factors.htm][[br]] 2. Myers ER, Moorman P, Gierisch JM, et al. Benefits and harms of breast cancer screening. ''JAMA''. doi:10.1001/jama.2015.13183.
  
• Numerator. The number of breast cancer cases among female residents of Utah or U.S. for a specific time period (ICD-10: C50).
  Denominator. The female population of Utah or U.S. for a specific time period.
  
• Data Sources. Cancer data provided by the Utah Cancer Registry, supported by the National Cancer Institute (HHSN261201800016I), the U.S. Center for Disease Control and Prevention (NU58DP0063200), the University of Utah, and Huntsman Cancer Foundation
  For years 2020 and later, the population estimates are provided by the Kem C. Gardner Policy Institute, Utah state and county annual population estimates are by single year of age and sex, IBIS Version 2022
  Population Estimates for 2000-2019: National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS) through a collaborative agreement with the U.S. Census Bureau, IBIS Version 2020
  
• Data Notes. Age-adjusted to U.S. 2000 population. [[br]]
  
• Date Indicator Content Last Updated. 03/26/2024
  

Hereditary Breast and Ovarian Cancer

• Why Is It Important? Hereditary cancer syndromes are genetic predispositions for certain types of cancer that can be passed down through generations. Hereditary Breast and Ovarian Cancer Syndrome (HBOC) is caused by mutations in the BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes and is associated with an increased risk of breast and ovarian cancer. BRCA mutations increase a woman's risk of breast cancer by 45-65% and ovarian cancer by 10-39%.^1^ Men with BRCA mutations are also at an increased risk for breast cancer, especially if they have a BRCA2 mutation.^1^ While hereditary cancers only account for about 10% of all cancers, people with family history of hereditary cancers are at higher risk for getting cancer more than once in their lifetimes, more likely to get cancer at a younger age, and more likely to be diagnosed when the cancer is at a later, more advanced stage.^2^ [[br]] [[br]] ---- 1. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2014, Mar 06). More detailed information on key tier 1 applications - Hereditary breast and ovarian cancer (HBOC). [https://www.cdc.gov/genomics/implementation/toolkit/hboc_1.htm] [[br]] 2. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2020, Aug 03). Cancer genomics program. [[https://www.cdc.gov/cancer/dcpc/about/genomics/index.htm]
  
• Numerator. The number of breast or ovarian cancer cases among Utah or U.S. for a specified time period.
  Denominator. The female population of Utah or U.S. for a specified time period.
  
• Data Notes. Age-adjusted to U.S. 2000 population. [[br]] [[br]] *Use caution in interpreting, the estimate has a relative standard error greater than 30% and does not meet UDOH standards for reliability. [[br]] ^ ^**The estimate has been suppressed because the observed number of events is very small and not appropriate for publication. For more information, please go to [http://ibis.health.utah.gov/pdf/resource/DataSuppression.pdf] [[br]] ^Prior to 2015 San Juan County was part of the Southeast Local Health District. In 2015 the San Juan County Local Health District was formed. Data reported are for all years using the current boundaries.
  
• Date Indicator Content Last Updated. 01/25/2022
  

Lynch Syndrome (Cancer)

• Why Is It Important? Hereditary cancer syndromes are genetic predispositions for certain types of cancer that can be passed down through generations. Lynch Syndrome is caused by inherited mutations in genes that prevent them from working properly to protect you from certain cancers including colorectal, endometrial (uterine), and other cancers.^1^ While hereditary cancers only account for about 10% of all cancers, people with a family history of hereditary cancers are at higher risk for getting cancer more than once in their lifetimes, more likely to get cancer at a young age, and are more likely to be diagnosed when the cancer is at a later, more advanced stage.^2^ [[br]] [[br]] ---- 1. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2020, Jan 15). Lynch Syndrome. [[https://www.cdc.gov/genomics/disease/colorectal_cancer/lynch.htm]] [[br]] 2. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2020, Aug 03). Cancer Genomics Program. [[https://www.cdc.gov/cancer/dcpc/about/genomics/index.htm]]
  
• Numerator. The number of colorectal or endometrial cancer cases among Utah or U.S. for a specified time period.
  Denominator. The overall (colorectal) and female (endometrial) population of Utah or U.S. for a specified time period.
  
• Data Sources. Cancer data provided by the Utah Cancer Registry, supported by the National Cancer Institute (HHSN261201800016I), the U.S. Center for Disease Control and Prevention (NU58DP0063200), the University of Utah, and Huntsman Cancer Foundation
  
• Data Notes. Age-adjusted to the U.S. 2000 standard population [[br]] Note: Prior to 2015 San Juan County was part of the Southeast Local Health District. In 2015 the San Juan Local Health District was formed. Data reported are for all years using the current boundaries. [[br]] [[br]] *Use caution in interpreting, the estimate has a relative standard error greater than 30% and does not meet UDOH standards for reliability. For more information, please go to [http://ibis.health.utah.gov/pdf/resource/DataSuppression.pdf]. [[br]]**The estimate has been suppressed because the observed number of events is very small and not appropriate for publication.
  
• Date Indicator Content Last Updated. 02/22/2022
  

Colorectal Cancer Deaths

• Why Is It Important? Colorectal cancer is the third most commonly diagnosed cancer and the third most common cause of cancer-related death in both men and women in the United States.^1^ The U.S. Preventive Services Task Force recommends that routine screening for colorectal cancer begin at age 45 for adults at average risk. Persons at high risk may need to begin screening at a younger age. Routine screening can include either an annual fecal occult blood test (gFOBT or FIT), a flexible sigmoidoscopy every five years, a colonoscopy every 10 years, or a double-contrast barium enema every 5 to 10 years. [[br]] [[br]] ---- 1. American Cancer Society, Colorectal Cancer Facts & Figures 2023-2025 Accessed at: [https://www.cancer.org/content/dam/cancer-org/research/cancer-facts-and-statistics/colorectal-cancer-facts-and-figures/colorectal-cancer-facts-and-figures-2023.pdf].[[br]] 2. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Colorectal Cancer Screening Tests [https://www.cdc.gov/cancer/colorectal/basic_info/screening/tests.htm#:~:text=How%20often%3A%20Every%2010%20years,increased%20risk%20of%20colorectal%20cancer).].[[br]]
  
• Numerator. The number of deaths due to colorectal cancer for a given time period (ICD-10: C18-C21).
  Denominator. The population in Utah or the U.S. for a given time period.
  
• Data Sources. Utah Death Certificate Database, Office of Vital Records and Statistics, Utah Department of Health and Human Services
  For years 2020 and later, the population estimates are provided by the Kem C. Gardner Policy Institute, Utah state and county annual population estimates are by single year of age and sex, IBIS Version 2022
  Population Estimates for 2000-2019: National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS) through a collaborative agreement with the U.S. Census Bureau, IBIS Version 2020
  
• Data Notes. Codes used to define colorectal cancer: ICD-10 C18-21.[[br]] Age-adjusted to U.S. 2000 standard population using 11 age adjustment age groups: (0, 1-4, 5-14, 15-24, 25-34, 35-44, 45-54, 55-64,65-74, 75-84, 85+).[[br]]
  
• Date Indicator Content Last Updated. 01/05/2024
  

Colorectal Cancer Incidence

• Why Is It Important? Colorectal cancer is a cancer that starts in the colon or the rectum. These cancers can also be named colon cancer or rectal cancer, depending on where they start. Colon cancer and rectal cancer are often grouped together because they have many features in common. Most colorectal cancers start as abnormal growths, called polyps, that form in the inner lining of the colon or rectum.^1^ Colorectal cancer is more common as people age. Some risk factors include inflammatory bowel disease, family history, and certain genetic syndromes like Lynch syndrome. Also, some lifestyle factors can also increase the risk. These include physical inactivity, diet, tobacco use, and alcohol consumption. Colorectal cancer is one of the more commonly diagnosed cancers and is a leading cause of death due to cancer in the United States. However, colorectal cancer screening tests reduce the risk. Screening can find precancerous polyps, which can be removed before becoming cancer. Screening can also detect cancer at an early stage, which increases the likelihood of effective treatment and survival. Adults should begin routine colorectal cancer screening starting at age 45.[[br]] [[br]] ---- 1. [https://www.cdc.gov/cancer/colorectal/basic_info/]
  
• Numerator. The number of new colorectal cancers diagnosed among Utah residents for a given time period.
  Denominator. The population of Utah or U.S. for a specific time period.
  
• Data Sources. Cancer data provided by the Utah Cancer Registry, supported by the National Cancer Institute (HHSN261201800016I), the U.S. Center for Disease Control and Prevention (NU58DP0063200), the University of Utah, and Huntsman Cancer Foundation
  For years 2020 and later, the population estimates are provided by the Kem C. Gardner Policy Institute, Utah state and county annual population estimates are by single year of age and sex, IBIS Version 2022
  Population Estimates for 2000-2019: National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS) through a collaborative agreement with the U.S. Census Bureau, IBIS Version 2020
  
• Data Notes. Cancer sites include colon, rectum, and rectosigmoid junction.  [[br]] ^ ^Age-adjusted to U.S. 2000 population.[[br]]
  
• Date Indicator Content Last Updated. 03/26/2024
  

Lung Cancer Deaths

• Why Is It Important? Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related death in both Utah and the U.S. Because lung cancer symptoms often do not appear until the disease is advanced, early detection of this cancer is difficult. Cigarette smoking is the single most important risk factor for lung cancer. There are more than 80 carcinogens in cigarette smoke. Other risk factors include occupational or environmental exposure to secondhand smoke, radon, asbestos (particularly among smokers), certain metals (chromium, cadmium, arsenic), some organic chemicals, radiation, air pollution, and medical history of tuberculosis. Genetic susceptibility also plays a contributing role in the development of lung cancer, especially in those who develop the disease at a younger age.
  
• Numerator. The number of deaths due to lung cancer for a given time period (ICD-10: C33-C34).
  Denominator. The population of Utah or U.S. for a given time period.
  
• Data Sources. Utah Death Certificate Database, Office of Vital Records and Statistics, Utah Department of Health
  Population Estimates: National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS) through a collaborative agreement with the U.S. Census Bureau, IBIS Version 2020
  
• Data Notes. Age-adjusted to U.S. 2000 standard population.[[br]] ^ ^*Use caution in interpreting, the estimate has a relative standard error greater than 30% and does not meet UDOH standards for reliability. For more information, please go to [http://ibis.health.utah.gov/pdf/resource/DataSuppression.pdf].
  
• Date Indicator Content Last Updated. 04/14/2022
  

Lung cancer incidence

• Why Is It Important? Lung cancer is one of the most common cancers, and is the leading cause of cancer-related death in Utah and the U.S. Because symptoms often do not appear until the disease is advanced, early detection of this cancer is difficult. Cigarette smoking is the single most important risk factor for lung cancer. Tobacco smoke contains thousands of chemicals, many which are known to cause cancer. Cigarette smoking is linked to up to 90% of lung cancer deaths in the United States[1]. Other risk factors associated with lung cancer include exposure to secondhand smoke, radon, asbestos (particularly among smokers), arsenic, diesel exhaust, radiation, air pollution, and family history. Lung cancer is more common in older people, and males are more likely to be diagnosed with lung cancer than females. The U.S. Preventive Services Task Force[2] recommends lung cancer screening for some individuals with a smoking history that puts them at high risk. Lung cancer screening is not without risks, which is why lung cancer screening is only recommended for adults who are at highest risk of the disease[3].[[br]] [[br]] ---- 1 [https://www.cdc.gov/cancer/lung/basic_info/risk_factors.htm][[br]] 2 [https://www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/recommendation/lung-cancer-screening][[br]] 3 [https://www.cdc.gov/cancer/lung/basic_info/screening.htm]
  
• Numerator. The number of incidents of lung cancer among Utah residents for a given time period (ICD-10: C33-C34).
  Denominator. The population of Utah or U.S. for a specific time period.
  
• Data Sources. Cancer data provided by the Utah Cancer Registry, supported by the National Cancer Institute (HHSN261201800016I), the U.S. Center for Disease Control and Prevention (NU58DP0063200), the University of Utah, and Huntsman Cancer Foundation
  For years 2020 and later, the population estimates are provided by the Kem C. Gardner Policy Institute, Utah state and county annual population estimates are by single year of age and sex, IBIS Version 2022
  Population Estimates for 2000-2019: National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS) through a collaborative agreement with the U.S. Census Bureau, IBIS Version 2020
  
• Data Notes. Age-adjusted to U.S. 2000 standard population.
  
• Date Indicator Content Last Updated. 04/24/2024
  

Prostate Cancer Deaths

• Why Is It Important? Prostate cancer is the second most commonly occurring form of cancer for men, and is the second leading cause of cancer death for men in both Utah and the U.S.
  
• Numerator. The number of deaths due to prostate cancer for a given year (ICD-10: C61).
  Denominator. The male population in Utah or the U.S. for a given year.
  
• Data Sources. For years 2020 and later, the population estimates are provided by the Kem C. Gardner Policy Institute, Utah state and county annual population estimates are by single year of age and sex, IBIS Version 2022
  Population Estimates for 2000-2019: National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS) through a collaborative agreement with the U.S. Census Bureau, IBIS Version 2020
  Utah Death Certificate Database, Office of Vital Records and Statistics, Utah Department of Health and Human Services
  
• Data Notes. ICD-10 codes used to define prostate cancer: C61.  [[br]]Age-adjusted to U.S. 2000 standard population using 11 age adjustment age-groups (0, 1-4, 5-14, 15-24, 25-34, 35-44, 45-54, 55-64,65-74, 75-84, 85+).[[br]] ^ ^*Use caution in interpreting, the estimate has a relative standard error greater than 30% and does not meet DHHS standards for reliability. For more information, please go to [https://ibis.utah.gov/ibisph-view/pdf/resource/DataSuppression.pdf].[[br]]
  
• Date Indicator Content Last Updated. 08/15/2024
  

Prostate cancer incidence

• Why Is It Important? Prostate cancer is the most commonly occurring form of cancer (excluding skin cancer) among men and is the second leading cause of cancer-related death for men in Utah. All men older than age of 40 should visit their doctor for routine health visits annually, which may include a discussion on prostate health.
  
• Numerator. The number of incidents of prostate cancer among Utah men for a given time period.
  Denominator. The population of Utah for a specific time period.
  
• Data Sources. Cancer data provided by the Utah Cancer Registry, supported by the National Cancer Institute (HHSN261201800016I), the U.S. Center for Disease Control and Prevention (NU58DP0063200), the University of Utah, and Huntsman Cancer Foundation
  
• Data Notes. Age-adjusted to U.S. 2000 population. [[br]] ^ ^^Prior to 2015 San Juan County was part of the Southeast Local Health District. In 2015 the San Juan County Local Health District was formed. Data reported are for all years using the current boundaries.
  
• Date Indicator Content Last Updated. 01/06/2023
  

Cervical Cancer Death

• Why Is It Important? Cervical cancer is one of the most curable cancers if detected early through routine screening. Almost all cases of cervical cancer are caused by infection with high-risk types of the human papillomavirus (HPV). The HPV vaccine protects against the HPV types that most often cause cervical cancer. Women who have had an HPV vaccine still need to have routine Pap smears because the vaccine does not fully protect against all the strains of the virus and other risk factors that can cause cervical cancer. HPV is transmitted through sexual contact. Any woman who is sexually active is at risk for developing cervical cancer. Other risk factors include giving birth to many children, having sexual relations at an early age, having multiple sexual partners or partners with many other partners, cigarette smoking, and use of oral contraceptives. The U.S. Preventive Services Task Force recommends cervical cancer screening (Pap smear) every 3 years for women 21 to 65 years old. For women 30 to 65 years old, Pap smears may be conducted every 5 years in conjunction with human papillomavirus (HPV) testing.
  
• Numerator. The number of deaths due to cervical cancer among Utah or U.S. women for a given time period (ICD-10: C53).
  Denominator. The female population of Utah or U.S. for a given time period.
  
• Data Sources. Utah Death Certificate Database, Office of Vital Records and Statistics, Utah Department of Health and Human Services
  For years 2020 and later, the population estimates are provided by the Kem C. Gardner Policy Institute, Utah state and county annual population estimates are by single year of age and sex, IBIS Version 2022
  Population Estimates for 2000-2019: National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS) through a collaborative agreement with the U.S. Census Bureau, IBIS Version 2020
  
• Data Notes. Age-adjusted to U.S. 2000 population using 11 age groups (0, 1-4, 5-14, 25-34, 35-44, 45-54, 55-64, 65-74, 75-84, 85+). ICD 10 code C53 was used to define cervical cancer. ^ ^[[br]] *Use caution in interpreting, the estimate has a relative standard error greater than 30% and does not meet DHHS standards for reliability. ^ ^[[br]] **The estimate has been suppressed because 1) the relative standard error is greater than 50% or 2) the observed number of events is very small and not appropriate for publication. For more information, please go to [https://ibis.utah.gov/ibisph-view/pdf/resource/DataSuppression.pdf].
  
• Date Indicator Content Last Updated. 01/02/2024
  

Melanoma of the Skin Deaths

• Why Is It Important? While melanoma is much less common than other skin cancers such as basal cell and squamous cell, it is far more dangerous. According to the American Cancer Society, there are several risk factors associated with melanoma. Risk factors that can be individually controlled or modified are excessive exposure to sunlight and UV radiation during work and recreation. A history of sunburns early in life significantly increases one's risk for melanoma. Risk for melanoma also increases with the increased severity of sunburn or blisters. Lifetime sun exposure, even if sunburn does not occur, is another risk factor for melanoma. Another risk factor for melanoma is geography. People who live in certain areas of the U.S. such as areas with a high elevation, warmer climate, and where sunlight can be reflected by sand, water, snow, and ice experience higher rates of melanoma. Utah is one such geographic location that provides these conditions. Risk for melanoma is greatly increased by the practice of tanning, both outside with oils and by using sunlamps and tanning booths. Even people who tan well without burning are at risk for melanoma. Tan skin is evidence of skin damaged by UV radiation. The risk of melanoma is greatly increased by using these artificial sources of UV radiation before age 30. Health care providers strongly encourage people, especially young people, to avoid tanning beds, booths, and sunlamps.
  
• Numerator. The number of deaths due to malignant melanoma of the skin for a given time period (ICD-10: C43).
  Denominator. The population of Utah for a given time period.
  
• Data Sources. Utah Death Certificate Database, Office of Vital Records and Statistics, Utah Department of Health and Human Services
  For years 2020 and later, the population estimates are provided by the Kem C. Gardner Policy Institute, Utah state and county annual population estimates are by single year of age and sex, IBIS Version 2022
  Population Estimates for 2000-2019: National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS) through a collaborative agreement with the U.S. Census Bureau, IBIS Version 2020
  
• Data Notes. ICD-O3 Site C440-C449 and Histology 8720-8790: Melanoma of the Skin, which corresponds to ICD-10 code C43.  [[br]][[br]] Age-adjusted to U.S. 2000 standard population using 11 age-adjustment age groups (0, 1-4, 5-14, 15-24, 25-34, 35-44, 45-54, 55-64,65-74, 75-84, 85+). *Use caution in interpreting, the estimate has a relative standard error greater than 30% and does not meet DHHS standards for reliability. **The estimate has been suppressed because 1) the relative standard error is greater than 50% or 2) the observed number of events is very small and not appropriate for publication. For more information, please go to [https://ibis.utah.gov/ibisph-view/pdf/resource/DataSuppression.pdf].
  
• Date Indicator Content Last Updated. 03/26/2024
  

Melanoma of the Skin Incidence

• Why Is It Important? Melanoma of the skin is one of the most common cancers. Melanoma is cancer of melanocyte cells, the cells in the skin that make melanin, the pigment that gives skin its color. Melanoma of the skin is much less common than skin cancers that form in other skin cells, called basal cells and squamous cells, but it is far more dangerous. Melanoma is more likely than other skin cancers to spread to other parts of the body.^1^ Exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation from sunlight or artificial sources such as tanning beds is a key risk factor for developing melanoma. Anyone can get skin cancer, but some factors increase the risk. Risk factors that can be controlled include a history of sunburns early in life, especially blistering sunburns, and being exposed to UV rays over long periods of time.^2^ Other risk factors that can increase the risk of melanoma include fair complexion including lighter skin color, skin that burns or freckles easily, blue or green eyes, and red or blond hair. Melanoma is more common in non-Hispanic White individuals than among people of other racial or ethnic backgrounds, but people of any race can get melanoma. Family history of melanoma or having many moles also increase the risk. Experts recommend individuals reduce their risk for melanoma and other skin cancers by using sun protection outdoors and avoiding tanning booths. A change in the skin, such as a new growth, change in a mole, or a sore that does not heal, is the most common sign of skin cancer. People should check their skin for moles regularly to help spot suspicious changes.^3^[[br]] [[br]] ---- 1 [https://www.cdc.gov/cancer/skin/basic_info/what-is-skin-cancer.htm][[br]] 2 [https://www.cancer.gov/types/skin/patient/skin-prevention-pdq][[br]] 3 [https://www.cdc.gov/cancer/skin/basic_info/symptoms.htm]
  
• Numerator. The number of melanoma incidents among Utahns for a specific time period (ICD-O3 Site C440-C449 and Histology 8720-8790: Melanoma of the Skin, which corresponds to ICD-10 code C43).
  Denominator. The total population of Utah for a specific time period.
  
• Data Sources. Cancer data provided by the Utah Cancer Registry, supported by the National Cancer Institute (HHSN261201800016I), the U.S. Center for Disease Control and Prevention (NU58DP0063200), the University of Utah, and Huntsman Cancer Foundation
  For years 2020 and later, the population estimates are provided by the Kem C. Gardner Policy Institute, Utah state and county annual population estimates are by single year of age and sex, IBIS Version 2022
  Population Estimates for 2000-2019: National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS) through a collaborative agreement with the U.S. Census Bureau, IBIS Version 2020
  
• Data Notes. ICD-O3 Site C440-C449 and Histology 8720-8790: Melanoma of the Skin, which corresponds to ICD-10 code C43.  [[br]] Rates are age-adjusted to the 2000 U.S. population.
  
• Date Indicator Content Last Updated. 01/09/2024
  

Deaths due to Diabetes as Underlying Cause

• Why Is It Important? Diabetes is a leading cause of disability and death. It is currently the eighth leading cause of death in the U.S.
  
• Numerator. Number of deaths with diabetes as the underlying cause of death.
  Denominator. Number of Utah residents.
  
• Data Sources. Utah Death Certificate Database, Office of Vital Records and Statistics, Utah Department of Health and Human Services
  For years 2020 and later, the population estimates are provided by the Kem C. Gardner Policy Institute, Utah state and county annual population estimates are by single year of age and sex, IBIS Version 2022
  
• Data Notes. Age-adjusted to the 2000 U.S. standard population using 11 age groups.
  
• Date Indicator Content Last Updated. 03/06/2024
  

Diabetes Prevalence

• Why Is It Important? More than 191,000 Utah adults have been diagnosed with diabetes. Diabetes is a disease that can have devastating consequences. It is the leading cause of non-traumatic lower-extremity amputation and kidney failure. It is also the leading cause of blindness among adults younger than 75. It is one of the leading causes of heart disease. Diabetes places an enormous burden on healthcare resources. Nationally, approximately $412.9 billion is spent annually: $306.6 billion in direct medical costs and $106.3 billion in indirect medical costs (disability, work loss, and premature death; see [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37909353/ Economic costs of diabetes in the U.S. in 2022]. In Utah, more than a billion dollars each year is spent on direct and indirect medical costs of diabetes. Currently, about 98 million Americans aged 18 and older have prediabetes, a condition that puts them at high risk for developing diabetes. For many individuals, taking small steps, such as losing 5-7% of their weight or increasing physical activity, can help them delay or prevent developing diabetes.
  
• Numerator. Number of Utah adults who reported being told by a healthcare professional that they have diabetes (excludes women who were told they had diabetes only during pregnancy or those who reported they had "borderline" or prediabetes).
  Denominator. Utah adults 18 and over.
  
• Data Sources. Utah Department of Health and Human Services Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) [https://ibis.utah.gov/ibisph-view/query/selection/brfss/BRFSSSelection.html]
  
• Data Notes. "Don't know" and "Refused" responses were eliminated from the denominator. In 2016, Utah BRFSS modified its methodology for age adjustment for increased precision. With this change Utah is consistent with both the U.S. and other states using IBIS. Data has been updated from 2011 onward in all chart views to reflect this change.  [[br]] [[br]] Age-adjusted to U.S. 2000 standard population.
  
• Date Indicator Content Last Updated. 03/04/2024
  

Diabetes: gestational diabetes

• Why Is It Important? Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is defined as having abnormally high blood glucose levels during pregnancy. This abnormality usually disappears after pregnancy, although about 50% of women with gestational diabetes go on to develop type 2 diabetes later in life. Mothers with gestational diabetes are more likely to have large babies (over 4,000 grams or roughly 9 pounds), a risk factor for non-elective cesarean section delivery and adverse birth outcomes. Infants born to women with gestational diabetes have a higher risk of developing diabetes and obesity themselves.
  
• Numerator. Number of live births listing gestational diabetes on birth certificate.
  Denominator. Number of live births for Utah residents.
  
• Data Sources. Utah Birth Certificate Database, Office of Vital Records and Statistics, Utah Department of Health and Human Services
  
• Date Indicator Content Last Updated. 09/13/2024
  

Prediabetes

• Why Is It Important? The American Diabetes Association defines "prediabetes" as a fasting plasma glucose level between 100 mg/dL and 125 mg/dL. A1C tests are commonly used for diagnosing prediabetes. A1C levels between 5.7% to 6.4% are used to indicate prediabetes. Another test used is the Oral Glucose Tolerance Test. Values between 140 mg/dL and 199 mg/dL indicate prediabetes. Although blood sugar levels for prediabetes do not meet the clinical threshold for a diagnosis of diabetes, individuals with prediabetes still have an increased risk for heart disease, stroke, and type 2 diabetes. However, many people with prediabetes are unaware of their condition. Once individuals are aware that they have prediabetes and of their increased risk of developing diabetes and cardiovascular complications, they can make the necessary lifestyle changes to prevent or at least delay progression to type 2 diabetes. Simple lifestyle changes, such as losing weight, eating more fruits and vegetables, and increasing physical activity, can reduce the risk of developing type 2 diabetes. Without making lifestyle changes, approximately half of individuals diagnosed with prediabetes progress to diabetes within ten years. More information about the clinical thresholds for prediabetes can be found at http://www.diabetes.org/diabetes-basics/diagnosis.
  
• Numerator. Number of adults who have been told by a doctor they have prediabetes.
  Denominator. All Utah adults.
  
• Data Sources. Utah Department of Health and Human Services Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) [https://ibis.health.utah.gov/ibisph-view/query/selection/brfss/BRFSSSelection.html]
  
• Data Notes. In 2016, Utah BRFSS modified its methodology for age adjustment to increase the precision of the estimates. With this change, Utah data is more consistent with both the U.S. and other states using IBIS. Data used in graphs from 2011 forward have been updated to reflect this change.  [[br]] [[br]] Age-adjusted to U.S. 2000 standard population. Prediabetes questions were not asked in Utah in 2015 or 2019. Prior to 2015 San Juan County was part of the Southeast Local Health District. In 2015 the San Juan County Local Health District was formed. Data reported are for all years using the current boundaries.
  
• Date Indicator Content Last Updated. 06/14/2023
  

Alzheimer's Disease and Related Dementias

• Why Is It Important? Alzheimer's disease is the most common form of dementia in older adults and is the6th leading cause of death in the United States and the 4th leading cause in Utah. Alzheimer's is a devastating disease that impacts the part of the brain that controls memory, thought, behavior, and language. The causes of the disease are not well understood and there is currently no cure. Symptoms usually develop slowly and worsen over time, eventually becoming severe enough that carrying out daily activities is difficult. An estimated 6 million Americans currently have the disease. Alzheimer's also has serious financial implications with estimated direct costs of the disease totaling $355 billion in 2014.^1,2^[[br]] [[br]] ---- 1. CDC - Healthy Brain Initiative: Alzheimer's Disease - Aging. Available at: [http://www.cdc.gov/aging/aginginfo/alzheimers.htm].[[br]] 2. Alzheimer's Association, 2021 Alzheimer's Disease Facts and Figures, Alzheimer's & Dementia, Volume 10, Issue 2. Available at: [https://www.alz.org/facts].
  
• Numerator. Number of deaths due to Alzheimer's disease (ICD-10 code G30).
  Denominator. Total number of persons in the population of Utah or U.S. for a given time period.
  
• Data Sources. Utah Death Certificate Database, Office of Vital Records and Statistics, Utah Department of Health and Human Services
  
• Data Notes. ICD-10 code G30.  Age-adjusted to U.S. 2020 population estimates.[[br]] *Use caution in interpreting, the estimate has a coefficient of variation >30% and is therefore deemed unreliable by Utah Department of Health standards. Prior to 2015 San Juan County was part of the Southeast Local Health District. In 2015 the San Juan County Local Health District was formed. Data reported are for all years using the current boundaries.
  
• Date Indicator Content Last Updated. 11/02/2021
  

Parkinson's disease

• Why Is It Important? Parkinson's disease (PD) is a progressive neurological brain disorder that affects movement. It is the second most common neurodegenerative disease after Alzheimer's disease. PD belongs to a group of conditions called motor system disorders, which are the result of a loss of dopamine-producing brain cells. The four primary symptoms of PD are tremor, rigidity/stiffness, bradykinesia (slowness of movement) and postural instability. Early symptoms of PD are subtle and occur gradually. As symptoms become more severe, carrying out activities of daily life can become difficult. PD usually affects people over the age of 60; however, younger onset of the disease can occur. Other symptoms may include depression; anxiety; difficulty swallowing, chewing, and speaking; urinary problems or constipation; skin problems; and sleep disruptions. There are currently no blood or laboratory tests used to diagnose PD. Diagnosis is based on medical history and a neurological examination. The disease can be difficult to diagnose accurately. Doctors may sometimes request brain scans or laboratory tests in order to rule out other diseases (National Institutes of Health). The combined direct and indirect cost of Parkinson's, including treatment, social security payments and lost income, is estimated to be nearly $25 billion per year in the United States alone. Medications alone cost an average of $2,500 a year and therapeutic surgery can cost up to $100,000 per person (Parkinson's Foundation).
  
• Numerator. __Parkinson's Hospitalizations__: Number of hospitalizations among Utah residents due to Parkinson's disease (ICD9 code 332; ICD10 codes G20-G21) __Parkinson's Mortality__: Number of deaths among Utah residents due to Parkinson's disease (ICD10 codes G20-G21) __Parkinson's Registry__: Number of Utah residents with the characteristic of interest
  Denominator. Total number of persons in the population of Utah.
  
• Data Sources. Utah Parkinson Disease Registry, Mountain West Parkinson Initiative, University of Utah Department of Neurology, Imaging and Neurosciences
  
• Data Notes. Registry includes patients who have died. Participation in the registry is voluntary and not necessarily representative of the distribution of patients throughout the state.
  
• Date Indicator Content Last Updated. 10/15/2024
  

Unintentional injury deaths

• Why Is It Important? In Utah, unintentional injuries are a leading cause of death and disability. They accounted for 1,520 deaths in 2023. In addition, thousands of other nonfatal injuries are being treated in hospitals, doctor's offices, clinics, emergency departments, homes, schools, and work sites each year. In 2023, the leading causes of unintentional injury death for all ages in Utah were poisoning, falls, motor vehicle traffic crashes, suffocation, and drowning/submersion. Most injuries can be prevented by choosing safe behaviors, using safety equipment, and obeying safety laws. High-priority prevention areas include: poisoning, fall-related injury, motor vehicle crash injury, suffocation, pedestrian injury, and drowning/submersion.
  
• Numerator. Number of unintentional injury deaths. (ICD-10 codes V01-X59, Y85-Y86)
  Denominator. Total number of persons in the population of Utah.
  
• Data Sources. Utah Death Certificate Database, Office of Vital Records and Statistics, Utah Department of Health and Human Services
  For years 2010 and later, the population estimates are provided by the Kem C. Gardner Policy Institute, Utah state and county annual population estimates are by single year of age and sex, IBIS Version 2023
  
• Data Notes. ICD-10 codes V01-X59, Y85-Y86. Does not include legal intervention. Age-adjusted to U.S. 2000 standard population.
  
• Date Indicator Content Last Updated. 10/02/2024
  

Drug Overdose and Poisoning Incidents

• Why Is It Important? Drug poisoning deaths are a preventable public health problem; they are the leading cause of injury death in Utah, outpacing deaths due to firearms, falls, and motor vehicle crashes. Ten Utahns die each week from drug overdose. Utah is particularly affected by illicit opioids, specifically fentanyl, which is responsible for 33% of the unintentional and undetermined drug poisoning deaths in the state.
  
• Numerator. __Poisoning deaths:__ number of deaths among Utah residents resulting from poisoning (ICD-10 codes X40-X49, X60-X69, X85-X90, Y10-Y19, Y35.2, *U01 [.6-.7]). __Drug poisoning deaths:__ number of deaths among Utah residents resulting from drug poisoning (ICD-10 codes X40-X44, X60-X64, X85, Y10-Y14). __Prescription opioid deaths:__ number of resident and non-resident unintentional and undetermined prescription opioid deaths that occurred in Utah.
  Denominator. Total number of persons in the population of Utah.
  
• Data Sources. Utah Death Certificate Database, Office of Vital Records and Statistics, Utah Department of Health and Human Services
  For years 2020 and later, the population estimates are provided by the Kem C. Gardner Policy Institute, Utah state and county annual population estimates are by single year of age and sex, IBIS Version 2022
  Population Estimates for 2000-2019: National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS) through a collaborative agreement with the U.S. Census Bureau, IBIS Version 2020
  
• Data Notes. Data are age-adjusted (2000 U.S. standard population). The Consensus Recommendations for National and State Poisoning Surveillance definition of a drug is as follows: A drug is any chemical compound that is chiefly used by or administered to humans or animals as an aid in the diagnosis, treatment, or prevention of disease or injury, for the relief of pain or suffering, to control or improve any physiologic or pathologic condition, or for the feeling it causes.
  
• Date Indicator Content Last Updated. 03/28/2024
  

Motor vehicle traffic crash deaths

• Why Is It Important? In Utah during 2023, motor vehicle traffic crashes (MVTCs) accounted for 285 deaths. This was a decrease from 310 deaths in 2022. MVTCs were one of the main injury causes of death.
  
• Numerator. Number of Utah resident deaths due to motor vehicle traffic crashes.
  Denominator. Total number of persons in the population of Utah.
  
• Data Sources. Utah Death Certificate Database, Office of Vital Records and Statistics, Utah Department of Health and Human Services
  For years 2010 and later, the population estimates are provided by the Kem C. Gardner Policy Institute, Utah state and county annual population estimates are by single year of age and sex, IBIS Version 2023
  Population Estimates for 2000-2009: National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS) through a collaborative agreement with the U.S. Census Bureau, IBIS Version 2020
  
• Data Notes. ICD-10 codes V02-04 [.1-.9], V09.2, V12-14 [.3-.9], V19 [.4-.6], V20-28 [.3-.9], V29-79 [.4-.9], V80 [.3-.5], V81-82 [.1], V83-86 [.0-.3], V87 [.0-.8], V89.2.  [[br]][[br]] Age-adjusted to the U.S. 2000 population.
  
• Date Indicator Content Last Updated. 10/02/2024
  

Fall injury (unintentional)

• Why Is It Important? Falls are a leading cause of injury death for Utahns, especially those aged 65 and older. Additionally, in Utah, unintentional fall-related inpatient hospital charges for all ages totaled over $1.9 billion from 2016 to 2022.
  
• Numerator. Number of hospitalizations due to unintentional falls (ICD-10 codes: W00-W19).
  Denominator. Total number of persons in the population of Utah.
  
• Data Sources. Utah Inpatient Hospital Discharge Data, Healthcare Information & Analysis Programs, Office of Research & Evaluation, Utah Department of Health and Human Services
  For years 2010 and later, the population estimates are provided by the Kem C. Gardner Policy Institute, Utah state and county annual population estimates are by single year of age and sex, IBIS Version 2023
  
• Date Indicator Content Last Updated. 10/02/2024
  

Traumatic brain injury (TBI)

• Why Is It Important? Traumatic brain injury is a leading cause of death and disability in Utah, costing more than $189 million in hospitalization charges in 2022. During 2022, the age-adjusted rate of Utahns hospitalized due to a TBI was 6.9 per 10,000. Based on sampled 2016-2017 TBI cases, more than half (52.8%) of TBI hospitalizations and deaths are the result of a fall. Motor vehicle traffic crashes (13.4%) are the second leading cause of TBI hospitalizations and deaths in Utah.
  
• Numerator. TBI Hospitalization Rate: The number of TBIs of all injury intentions resulting in hospitalization which meet the case definition mentioned in the data notes explaining ICD-10-CM codes. TBI Hospitalizations and Deaths Percentage: The number of TBIs with a cause or set of causes as defined through medical record review, as part of the TBI Injury Surveillance Database sample.
  Denominator. TBI Hospitalization Rate: The total number of persons in the population of Utah.
  
• Data Sources. Utah Inpatient Hospital Discharge Data, Healthcare Information & Analysis Programs, Office of Research & Evaluation, Utah Department of Health and Human Services
  For years 2010 and later, the population estimates are provided by the Kem C. Gardner Policy Institute, Utah state and county annual population estimates are by single year of age and sex, IBIS Version 2023
  
• Data Notes. ICD-10-CM codes for TBI Morbidity: S02.0, S02.1, S02.8X, S02.80, S02.81, S02.82, S02.91, S04.02, S04.03, S04.04, S06, S07.1, or T74.4 with a 7th character of A, B, or missing. ICD-10 codes for TBI Mortality: S01, S02.0, S02.1, S02.3, S02.7-S02.9, S04.0, S06, S07.0, S07.1, S07.8, S07.9, S09.7-S09.9, T90.1, T90.2, T90.4, T90.5, T90.8, T90.9. These cases may include a TBI alone or in combination with other injuries or conditions.  Rates are calculated using TBI-related hospitalizations.
  
• Date Indicator Content Last Updated. 09/26/2024
  

Homicide

• Why Is It Important? From 2019 to 2023, the Utah age-adjusted homicide rate was 2.5 per 100,000 persons. This is an average of 83 homicides per year. Those aged 15-24 had the highest homicide rate. Death by homicide takes an enormous toll on the mental and physical well-being of family members, friends, neighbors, and co-workers of the victim. The trauma, grief, and bereavement experienced by these individuals have long-lasting impacts that affect many aspects of their lives.
  
• Numerator. Number of deaths resulting from the intentional use of force or power, threatened or actual, against another person.
  Denominator. Total number of persons in the population of Utah.
  
• Data Sources. Utah Death Certificate Database, Office of Vital Records and Statistics, Utah Department of Health and Human Services
  For years 2010 and later, the population estimates are provided by the Kem C. Gardner Policy Institute, Utah state and county annual population estimates are by single year of age and sex, IBIS Version 2023
  Population estimates for 2000-2009: National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS) through a collaborative agreement with the U.S. Census Bureau, IBIS Version 2020
  National Center for Injury Prevention and Control's Web-based Injury Statistics Query and Reporting System (WISQARS)
  
• Data Notes. Homicides are determined by using ICD-10 codes X85-X99, Y00-Y09, Y87.1, U01-U02.  [[br]] [[br]]*Use caution in interpreting, the estimate has a relative standard error greater than 30% and does not meet DHHS standards for reliability.[[br]] ^ ^**Data does not meet DHHS standards for reliability. For more information, please go to [https://ibis.utah.gov/ibisph-view/pdf/resource/DataSuppression.pdf]. Data are age-adjusted to the U.S. 2000 standard population. Prior to 2015 San Juan County was part of the Southeast Local Health District. In 2015 the San Juan County Local Health District was formed. Data reported are for all years using the current boundaries.
  
• Date Indicator Content Last Updated. 10/01/2024
  

Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs)

• Why Is It Important? Childhood experiences, both positive and negative, have a tremendous impact on future violence victimization and perpetration, and lifelong health and opportunity. Exposure to ACEs may result in toxic stress responses that can impede a child's development, such as changes in gene expression, changes in brain connectivity and immune function, and changes in the type of coping strategies adopted. While many coping strategies are healthy and help reduce acute stress, some (e.g. smoking cigarettes, drinking alcohol, using substances, engaging in risky sexual behavior) present additional risks to health and wellbeing. As such, exposure to early adversity can increase the risk of later chronic and infectious health conditions through changes in physiological mechanisms, as well as increased engagement in health risk behaviors, and can ultimately result in premature death. ACEs are common; as nearly two-thirds (63.9%) of surveyed U.S. adults experienced at least one ACE and many adults experienced more than one. Some populations are more vulnerable, however, to experiencing ACEs, such as children living in poverty and racial and ethnic minorities, because of the structural and social conditions in which some children and families live, learn, work, and play. It is important to remember that ACEs are preventable, and when present their effects can be mitigated with the help of healthy relationships.
  
• Numerator. The BRFSS respondents who responded affirmatively to the eleven questions in the Adverse Childhood Experience (ACE) Module.
  Denominator. The number of adults aged 18 and above who participated in the BRFSS.
  
• Data Sources. Utah Department of Health and Human Services Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) [https://ibis.utah.gov/ibisph-view/query/selection/brfss/BRFSSSelection.html]
  
• Data Notes. All questions refer to the time period before respondents were 18 years of age.  [[br]][[br]] The 4+ ACE score is highlighted here because research suggests a higher prevalence of negative long-term impacts with higher ACE scores. Age-adjusted to the U.S. 2000 standard population.
  
• Date Indicator Content Last Updated. 02/29/2024
  

Child emotional abuse, self-reported

• Why Is It Important? All types of child abuse represent a threat to public health. Child emotional abuse is one of eight commonly tracked adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) and research into child abuse and neglect (CAN) and ACEs has consistently shown the potential for many negative long-term impacts on health, opportunity, and well-being. Tracking child abuse prevalence is a complicated task and some of the best data available are self-reported retrospective data which gives a more complete view of prevalence over child protective services or hospital data.
  
• Numerator. The number of youth or adults who indicated at least one instance of emotional abuse on the YRBS (2021) or BRFSS (2013, 2016, 2018, 2020).
  Denominator. The total number of youth or adults who provided any response to the emotional abuse question on the YRBS (2021) or BRFSS (2013, 2016, 2018, 2020).
  
• Data Notes. Analysis by geography only utilizes age-adjusted adult data collected in the 2013, 2016, 2018, and 2020 BRFSS and not youth/YRBS data.
  
• Date Indicator Content Last Updated. 10/07/2022
  

Child physical abuse, self-reported

• Why Is It Important? All types of child abuse represent a threat to public health. Child physical abuse is one of eight commonly tracked adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) and research into child abuse and neglect (CAN) and ACEs has consistently shown the potential for many negative long-term impacts on health, opportunity, and well-being. Tracking child abuse prevalence is a complicated task and some of the best data available are self-reported retrospective data which gives a more complete view of prevalence over child protective services or hospital data.
  
• Numerator. The number of youth or adults who indicated at least one instance of physical abuse on the YRBS (2021) or BRFSS (2013, 2016, 2018, 2020).
  Denominator. The total number of youth or adults who provided any response to the physical abuse question on the YRBS (2021) or BRFSS (2013, 2016, 2018, 2020).
  
• Data Notes. Analysis by geography only utilizes age-adjusted adult data collected in the 2013, 2016, 2018, and 2020 BRFSS and not youth/YRBS data.
  
• Date Indicator Content Last Updated. 10/07/2022
  

Child sexual abuse, self-reported

• Why Is It Important? All types of child abuse represent a threat to public health. Child sexual abuse is one of eight commonly tracked adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) and research into child abuse and neglect (CAN) and ACEs has consistently shown the potential for many negative long-term impacts on health, opportunity, and well-being. Tracking child abuse prevalence is a complicated task and some of the best data available are self-reported retrospective data which gives a more complete view of prevalence over child protective services or hospital data.
  
• Numerator. The number of youth or adults who indicated at least one instance of sexual abuse on the YRBS (2021) or BRFSS (2013, 2016, 2018, 2020).
  Denominator. The total number of youth or adults who provided any response to the sexual abuse question/s on the YRBS (2021) or BRFSS (2013, 2016, 2018, 2020).
  
• Data Notes. Analysis by geography only utilizes age-adjusted adult data collected in the 2013, 2016, 2018, and 2020 BRFSS and not youth/YRBS data.
  
• Date Indicator Content Last Updated. 10/07/2022
  

Suicide

• Why Is It Important? From 2021 to 2023, the age-adjusted suicide rate in Utah was 20.93 per 100,000 persons, with an average of 685 suicides per year. There were 696 suicide deaths in 2023. In 2023, suicide was the second leading cause of death for Utahns ages 10 to 17, 18-24, and 25 to 44. It was the fifth leading cause of death for ages 45-64. Overall, suicide was the ninth leading cause of death for Utahns. Suicide deaths are only part of the problem. More people are hospitalized or treated in emergency rooms for suicide attempts than are fatally injured. In 2022, 14 Utahns were treated for self-inflicted injuries every day (3,816 treat-and-release emergency department visits plus 1,311 total hospitalizations). According to the 2023 Youth Risk Behavior Survey, in the 12 months preceding the survey, Utah high school students reported the following: 37% felt sad or hopeless, 22.9% seriously considered attempting suicide, 18.5% made a suicide plan, 9% attempted suicide one or more times, and 3.2% had a suicide attempt that required medical attention. The 2023 Prevention Needs Assessment data indicate that overall, 27% of Utah students in grades 8, 10, and 12 reported experiencing serious mental illness. Students were also asked social isolation questions and reported the following: 14.2% felt moderately socially isolated and 9.2% felt severely socially isolated. Additionally, 7.3% reported having attempted suicide in the past year and 18.9% reported having seriously considered attempting suicide in the past year. All suicide attempts should be taken seriously. Suicide attempt survivors are often seriously injured, are likely to have depression and/or another mental health disorder, and are at an increased risk for suicide. Suicidal behavior is a serious and complex public health issue that takes an enormous toll on communities with both economical and human costs.
  
• Numerator. Suicide Death Rate: Number of deaths resulting from the intentional use of force against oneself. Suicide Risk Among Students: Number of students who reported a suicide risk factor (felt sad or hopeless, seriously considered attempting suicide, made a suicide plan, or attempted suicide) during the past 12 months.
  Denominator. Suicide Death Rate: Total number of persons in the population of Utah. Suicide Risk Among Students: Number of surveyed Utah high school students.
  
• Data Sources. Utah Death Certificate Database, Office of Vital Records and Statistics, Utah Department of Health and Human Services
  For years 2010 and later, the population estimates are provided by the Kem C. Gardner Policy Institute, Utah state and county annual population estimates are by single year of age and sex, IBIS Version 2023
  National Center for Injury Prevention and Control's Web-based Injury Statistics Query and Reporting System (WISQARS)
  
• Data Notes. Suicides are determined using ICD-10 codes X60-X84, Y87.0, *U03.
  
• Date Indicator Content Last Updated. 10/01/2024
  

Child injury deaths

• Why Is It Important? The death of a child is a tragedy for families and communities. Injury deaths are mostly preventable, yet they continue to account for the majority of child deaths (1-17) and a substantial portion of infant deaths (<1). From 2013 to 2022, injury deaths accounted for 1,077 (27.5%) of the 4,286 deaths among children aged 0-17. In addition to these deaths, thousands of other children were injured and treated in hospitals, doctor's offices, clinics, emergency departments, homes, schools, and work sites. From 2013 to 2022, the leading causes of injury death for children aged 0-17 in Utah were unintentional motor vehicle crashes, suffocation (suicides), self-inflicted firearms wounds (suicides), unintentional suffocation (infant safe sleep-related), and unintentional drowning/submersion. Preventing child injury deaths and ensuring safe, stable, nurturing relationships and environments for every child should always be a continued priority. Achieving this requires support from all levels of the socioecological model. Individuals, families, schools, neighbors, communities, and policymakers all have responsibilities in keeping Utah children safe and thriving. Safe behaviors should be taught, modeled, and enforced, safety equipment should be readily available, understood, and required, and every child should feel the support of caring adults around them to turn to in a crisis. High-priority prevention areas include suicide prevention, motor vehicle safety, safe sleep education, and firearm safety.
  
• Numerator. Number of injury deaths among children aged 0-17 (ICD-10 codes V01-Y36, Y85-Y87, Y89, *U01-*U03)
  Denominator. Total number of children aged 0-17 in the Utah population
  
• Data Sources. Utah Death Certificate Database, Office of Vital Records and Statistics, Utah Department of Health and Human Services
  For years 2020 and later, the population estimates are provided by the Kem C. Gardner Policy Institute, Utah state and county annual population estimates are by single year of age and sex, IBIS Version 2022
  
• Date Indicator Content Last Updated. 02/27/2024
  

Infant mortality

• Why Is It Important? The infant mortality rate is an important measure of a nation's health and a worldwide indicator of health status and social well-being. The top four causes of infant mortality in Utah are perinatal conditions (including preterm birth), birth defects, medical conditions of the infant, and sudden unexpected infant death (SUID).
  
• Numerator. Number of infants who died before their first birthday.
  Denominator. Total number of live births.
  
• Data Sources. Utah Death Certificate Database, Office of Vital Records and Statistics, Utah Department of Health and Human Services
  Utah Birth Certificate Database, Office of Vital Records and Statistics, Utah Department of Health and Human Services
  
• Data Notes. Note: Local health district based on district of infant's residence. **The estimate has been suppressed because 1) the relative standard error is greater than 50% or 2) the observed number of events is very small and not appropriate for publication.
  
• Date Indicator Content Last Updated. 10/04/2024
  

Severe maternal morbidity among hospital deliveries

• Why Is It Important? Every year, there are approximately 46,000 births to Utah residents. Most births do not result in complications to the mother or child, but some women suffer from "near-misses" or unexpected outcomes during labor and delivery, also called severe maternal morbidities (SMM). These outcomes include hemorrhage, eclampsia, renal failure, acute myocardial infarction, shock, and other severe complications. SMM can have mild to long-lasting effects on the physical and mental health of women experiencing it. Maternal morbidity is also emerging as an important measure in efforts to prevent maternal mortality and address [https://doi.org/10.26099/r43h-vh76 maternal health inequities]. The rate of SMM has been increasing steadily at the [https://datatools.ahrq.gov/hcup-fast-stats/?type=subtab&tab=hcupfsse&count=3 national and state levels]. Specifically, the rate of SMM per 10,000 in-hospital deliveries increased from 71.9 in 2013 to 88.2 in 2020 nationally. Utah has experienced a similar increase with a rate of 48.8 in 2013 and 61.3 in 2020. The comparison of SMM rates between Utah and the U.S. does not include transfusion codes when defining SMM. However for historical purposes, Utah-specific rates by age group, race, ethnicity, LHD, and payer type do include transfusion codes in defining SMM. In addition to the physical and emotional toll SMM has on women and their families, the [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31655962/ financial costs] associated with SMM are significant. Births involving severe maternal morbidity are much more expensive than those without SMM. The [https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2022/06/Maternal-Health-Blueprint.pdf White House Blueprint for Addressing the Maternal Health Crisis] calls for supporting state innovation efforts by establishing state-focused Maternal Health Task Forces and improving state-level surveillance on maternal mortality and SMM. Surveillance of SMM in Utah will help health practitioners understand the current state of SMM in Utah, identify risk factors, and develop programs to help prevent severe maternal morbidities.
  
• Numerator. The number of deliveries with an identified severe maternal morbidity event from delivery hospitalizations
  Denominator. Total number of delivery hospitalizations
  
• Data Sources. Utah Inpatient Hospital Discharge Data, Healthcare Information & Analysis Programs, Office of Research & Evaluation, Utah Department of Health and Human Services
  
• Data Notes. Includes transfusion codes **The estimate has been suppressed because 1) The relative standard error is greater than 50% or the relative standard error can't be determined; 2) the observed number of events is very small and not appropriate for publication; or 3) it could be used to calculate the number in a cell that has been suppressed.
  
• Date Indicator Content Last Updated. 10/26/2023
  

Preterm birth

• Why Is It Important? Preterm birth, birth before 37 weeks gestation, is the leading cause of perinatal death in otherwise normal newborns and is a leading cause of long-term neurological disabilities in children. Infants born preterm bear the biggest burden of infant deaths, with 68% of infant deaths from 2017-2021 born before 37 weeks. Babies born preterm also have increased risks for long-term morbidities and often require intensive care after birth. Healthcare costs and length of hospital stay are higher for premature infants. For a preterm infant, average hospital stays are about 10 times longer than all infants combined. Utah inpatient hospital discharge data (2022) indicate that average hospital charges for a premature infant were $125,128 compared to $16,220 for all deliveries combined. These same data indicate that the average length of stay for a premature infant was 22 days compared to 2 days for all newborn infants.
  
• Numerator. Number of live born infants born less than 37 weeks gestation.
  Denominator. Total number of live births.
  
• Data Sources. Utah Birth Certificate Database, Office of Vital Records and Statistics, Utah Department of Health and Human Services
  National Vital Statistics System, National Center for Health Statistics, U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
  
• Data Notes. Note: Local health district represents district of mother's residence. U.S. data is provisional. Preterm birth is calculated by obstetric estimate.
  
• Date Indicator Content Last Updated. 10/04/2024
  

Fair/poor health

• Why Is It Important? Self-rated health (SRH) has been collected for many years on National Center for Health Statistics surveys and since 1993 on the state-based BRFSS. SRH is an independent predictor of important health outcomes including mortality, morbidity, and functional status. It is considered to be a reliable indicator of a person's perceived health and is a good global assessment of a person's well being.
  
• Numerator. Number of survey respondents who reported fair or poor general health.
  Denominator. Total number of survey respondents except those with missing, "Don't know/Not sure," and "Refused" responses.
  
• Data Sources. Utah Department of Health and Human Services Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) [https://ibis.utah.gov/ibisph-view/query/selection/brfss/BRFSSSelection.html]
  Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System Survey Data, US Department of Health and Human Services Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC).
  
• Data Notes. *Use caution in interpreting; the estimate has a coefficient of variation >30% and is therefore deemed unreliable by Utah Department of Health and Human Services standards. Age-adjusted to the U.S. 2000 standard population. Note: At the time of this update, the BRFSS U.S. dataset did not include an age variable but did include five age categories up to age 80+ (vs. the typical weighting scheme that includes 85+). Comparisons with both weighting schemes were compared using Utah data, and the difference was about 1/100 of a percentage point.
  
• Date Indicator Content Last Updated. 10/17/2024
  

Health status: physical health past 30 days

• Why Is It Important? General physical health status is the culmination of all the things that affect a person's health. A person may have had poor health because of an injury, an acute infection such as a cold or flu, or a chronic health problem. This measure can be used to identify health disparities, track population trends, plan public health programs, and measure progress toward several Healthy People 2030 goals.
  
• Numerator. Number of survey respondents who reported seven or more days when their physical health was not good in the past 30 days
  Denominator. Total number of survey respondents excluding those with missing, "Don't know/Not sure" or "Refused" responses
  
• Data Sources. Utah Department of Health and Human Services Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) [https://ibis.utah.gov/ibisph-view/query/selection/brfss/BRFSSSelection.html]
  Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System Survey Data, US Department of Health and Human Services Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC).
  
• Data Notes. Age-adjusted to the 2000 U.S. standard population. *Use caution in interpreting; the estimate has a coefficient of variation >30% and is therefore deemed unreliable by Utah Department of Health and Human Services standards.
  
• Date Indicator Content Last Updated. 10/17/2024
  

Health status: mental health past 30 days

• Why Is It Important? Mental health refers to an individual's ability to negotiate the daily challenges and social interactions of life without experiencing undue emotional or behavioral incapacity. Mental health and mental disorders can be influenced by numerous conditions including biologic and genetic vulnerabilities, acute or chronic physical dysfunction, and environmental conditions and stresses. The BRFSS mental health question is an attempt to obtain a global measure of recent mental and emotional distress.
  
• Numerator. Number of survey respondents who reported seven or more days when their mental health was not good in the past 30 days.
  Denominator. Total number of survey respondents excluding those with missing, "Don't know/Not sure," and "Refused" responses.
  
• Data Sources. Utah Department of Health and Human Services Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) [https://ibis.utah.gov/ibisph-view/query/selection/brfss/BRFSSSelection.html]
  Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System Survey Data, US Department of Health and Human Services Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC).
  
• Data Notes. Age-adjusted to the U.S. 2000 standard population. *Use caution in interpreting; the estimate has a coefficient of variation > 30% and is therefore deemed unreliable by Utah Department of Health and Human Services standards. Note: At the time of this update, the BRFSS U.S. dataset did not include an age variable but did include five age categories up to age 80+ (vs. the typical weighting scheme that includes 85+). Comparisons with both weighting schemes were compared using Utah data, and the difference was about 1/100 of a percentage point.
  
• Date Indicator Content Last Updated. 10/17/2024
  

Depression: Adult Prevalence

• Why Is It Important? Approximately 21.0%* of adults in the U.S. experienced some kind of mental illness during 2020^1^. Mental disorders like depression and anxiety can affect people's ability to take part in healthy behaviors. Similarly, physical health problems can make it harder for people to get treatment for mental disorders. Increasing screening for mental disorders can help people get the treatment they need^2^. Approximately 8.4% of adults suffered from at least one episode of major depression in 2020^3^. Major depression is defined as having severe symptoms that interfere with a person's ability to work, sleep, study, eat, and enjoy life. Symptoms of major depression may include fatigue or loss of energy, feelings of worthlessness or guilt, impaired concentration, loss of interest in daily activities, appetite or weight changes, sleep changes, and recurring thoughts of death or suicide. Despite the availability of effective treatments for major depression, such as medications and/or psychotherapeutic techniques, it often goes unrecognized and untreated.^4^[[br]] [[br]] ---- 1. National Institute of Mental Health. ''Any Mental Illness (AMI) Among U.S. Adults''. Retrieved from [https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/statistics/mental-illness.shtml] on October 18, 2022. [[br]] 2. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. ''Healthy People 2030''. With Understanding and Improving Health and Objectives for Improving Health. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office, November 2000 [https://health.gov/healthypeople/objectives-and-data/browse-objectives/mental-health-and-mental-disorders].[[br]] 3. National Institute of Mental Health. ''Major Depression Among Adults''. Retrieved from [https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/statistics/prevalence/major-depression-among-adults.shtml] on October 18, 2022. [[br]] 4. National Alliance on Mental Illness Retrieved from [http://www.nami.org/Learn-More/Mental-Health-Conditions/Depression] on October 18, 2022.
  
• Numerator. The number of adults aged 18 and above who have ever been told by a doctor, nurse, or other health professional that they have a depressive disorder, including depression, major depression, dysthymia, or minor depression.
  Denominator. Adults aged 18 and above.
  
• Data Sources. Utah Department of Health and Human Services Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) [https://ibis.utah.gov/ibisph-view/query/selection/brfss/BRFSSSelection.html]
  
• Data Notes. The question asks about lifetime diagnosis and does not reflect current major depression.  [[br]] Age-adjusted to the 2000 standard U.S. population.
  
• Date Indicator Content Last Updated. 02/29/2024
  

Blood Cholesterol: Doctor-diagnosed High Cholesterol

• Why Is It Important? High blood cholesterol is a major risk factor for heart disease and stroke. It is preventable. If identified early, it can be controlled with medication and lifestyle changes, such as eating a diet low in saturated fat and cholesterol, increasing physical activity, and reducing excess weight. Because high blood cholesterol does not produce obvious symptoms, experts recommend that all adults aged 20 years and older have their cholesterol levels checked at least once every five years to help them take action to prevent or lower their risk of cardiovascular disease.
  
• Numerator. The number of adults who have ever been told by a doctor, nurse, or other health professional that they have high blood cholesterol.
  Denominator. The total number of survey respondents (BRFSS survey) excluding those with missing or refused values in the numerator.
  
• Data Sources. Utah Department of Health and Human Services Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) [https://ibis.utah.gov/ibisph-view/query/selection/brfss/BRFSSSelection.html]
  
• Data Notes. In 2016, Utah BRFSS modified its methodology for age adjustment for increased precision. With this change, Utah is consistent with both the U.S. and other states using IBIS. Data has been updated from 2011 onward in all chart views to reflect this change.  [[br]][[br]]Age-adjusted to the U.S. 2000 standard population.
  
• Date Indicator Content Last Updated. 07/30/2024
  

Blood Pressure: Doctor-diagnosed Hypertension

• Why Is It Important? High blood pressure (hypertension) is an important risk factor for heart disease and stroke. In most cases, it can be effectively managed with medication and lifestyle changes (such as diet, exercise, and abstaining from tobacco use). Treatment works best when high blood pressure is identified early. Because high blood pressure does not produce symptoms, regular screening is recommended. In most cases, high blood pressure is defined as a systolic (upper) number of 140 or greater and a diastolic (lower) number of 90 or greater.
  
• Numerator. The number of survey respondents who report they have ever been told by a doctor, nurse, or other health professionals that they have high blood pressure.
  Denominator. The total number of survey respondents (BRFSS survey) excluding those with missing or refused values in the numerator.
  
• Data Sources. Utah Department of Health and Human Services Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) [https://ibis.utah.gov/ibisph-view/query/selection/brfss/BRFSSSelection.html]
  Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System Survey Data, US Department of Health and Human Services Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC).
  
• Data Notes. Doctor-diagnosed hypertension is based on the answer to the question: "Have you ever been told by a doctor, nurse, or other health professional that you have high blood pressure?" Response options are: "Yes", "No", "Yes but females told only during pregnancy, and "Told borderline high or pre-hypertensive." Women who report having hypertension only during pregnancy and individuals who are told they are borderline high are considered as having answered "No." In 2016, Utah BRFSS modified its methodology for age adjustment to increase the precision of the estimate. Data in IBIS charts have been updated back to 2011 forward to reflect this change. With this change, age adjustment for Utah is more consistent with both the U.S. and other states using IBIS.  [[br]] [[br]] Data are age-adjusted to the 2000 U.S. population.
  
• Date Indicator Content Last Updated. 11/25/2022
  

Asthma: Adult Prevalence

• Why Is It Important? Asthma is a serious personal and public health issue that has far reaching medical, economic, and psychosocial implications. The burden of asthma can be seen in the number of asthma-related medical events, including emergency department visits, hospitalizations, and deaths.
  
• Numerator. Total number of respondents answering "yes" to both of the BRFSS asthma core questions:[[br]] 1. Have you ever been told by a doctor, nurse, or other health professional that you had asthma?[[br]] 2. Do you still have asthma?
  Denominator. Includes all survey respondents ages 18 years and older except those with missing, don't know, or refused answers to the core asthma questions.
  
• Data Sources. Utah Department of Health and Human Services Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) [https://ibis.utah.gov/ibisph-view/query/selection/brfss/BRFSSSelection.html]
  Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System Survey Data, US Department of Health and Human Services Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC).
  
• Data Notes. *Use caution in interpreting. The estimate has a coefficient of variation >30% and is therefore deemed unreliable by Utah Department of Health and Human Services standards. Percentages have been age-adjusted to the U.S. 2000 standard population.
  
• Date Indicator Content Last Updated. 08/06/2024
  

Asthma: Child Prevalence

• Why Is It Important? Asthma is a serious personal and public health issue that has far reaching medical, economic, and psychosocial implications. The burden of asthma can be seen in the number of asthma-related medical events, including emergency department visits, hospitalizations, and deaths.
  
• Numerator. Number of Utah children ages 0-17 who were diagnosed with asthma and who still have asthma.
  Denominator. Total number of Utah children ages 0-17.
  
• Data Sources. Utah Department of Health and Human Services Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) [https://ibis.utah.gov/ibisph-view/query/selection/brfss/BRFSSSelection.html]
  Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System Survey Data, US Department of Health and Human Services Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC).
  
• Data Notes. *Use caution in interpreting. The estimate has a coefficient of variation >30% and is therefore deemed unreliable by Utah Department of Health and Human Services standards.[[br]] The U.S. prevalence is based on 29 states plus DC who asked about child asthma prevalence in their state BRFSS in 2022.
  
• Date Indicator Content Last Updated. 07/15/2024
  

Arthritis prevalence

• Why Is It Important? Arthritis affects 54 million adults (1 in every 4) in the United States and is projected to increase. Arthritis is a leading cause of disability and is associated with substantial activity limitation, work disability, and reduced quality of life. In 2023, the percentage of Utah adults aged 18 and older with arthritis was 22.0% (crude rate). This represents approximately 555,885 individuals based on the estimated Utah population 18 and older for 2023.
  
• Numerator. Includes survey respondents ages 18 and older who reported being told by a doctor or other health professional that they had some form of arthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, gout, lupus, or fibromyalgia. Excludes those with missing, don't know, and refused answers.
  Denominator. Includes survey respondents ages 18 and older. Excludes those with missing, don't know, or refused answers.
  
• Data Sources. Utah Department of Health and Human Services Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) [https://ibis.utah.gov/ibisph-view/query/selection/brfss/BRFSSSelection.html]
  Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System Survey Data, US Department of Health and Human Services Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC).
  
• Data Notes. Doctor-diagnosed arthritis was self-reported and was not confirmed by a healthcare provider; however, such self-reports have been shown to be acceptable for surveillance purposes.  [[br]][[br]] Age-adjusted to the U.S. 2000 standard population for comparison purposes. Age-adjusted rates are based on 5 age groups: 18-24, 25-34, 35-44, 45-64, and 65+.
  
• Date Indicator Content Last Updated. 10/03/2024
  

Pertussis Cases

• Why Is It Important? According to the Council for State and Territorial Epidemiologists, "''Bordetella pertussis'' is the most poorly controlled bacterial vaccine-preventable disease in the U.S." Controlling pertussis is a difficult challenge addressed by increasing vaccination rates, prompt identification of cases, decreasing contact between infected and non-infected individuals, and treatment of ill individuals. Pertussis is a contagious respiratory disease caused by the bacteria ''Bordetella pertussis''. Although pertussis may be a mild disease in older children and adults, these infected people may transmit the disease to other susceptible persons, including unimmunized or incompletely immunized infants. Newborns are at highest risk for pertussis-associated complications, such as pneumonia and inflammation of the brain, but cannot be immunized until they are 2 months old, so they rely on the antibodies their mother passes to them in the womb. For this reason, pertussis vaccination (in the form of the Tdap vaccine) is recommended for pregnant people during each pregnancy, preferably between gestation weeks 27 through 36. Pertussis can rarely cause death, especially in children under one year of age. Most children are protected against pertussis by vaccination during childhood, but immunity decreases over time and can leave adolescents and adults unprotected. National figures reported by the CDC indicate that infants aged less than one year, who are at greatest risk for severe disease and death, continue to have the highest reported rate of pertussis. Tdap is an acellular pertussis vaccine, sometimes referred to as a booster, for adolescents and adults. There is evidence indicating that the highest level of protection from the Tdap booster lasts around two years and decreases over time. This reduction in immunity over time has also been observed in individuals that have become infected with pertussis. This decreasing immunity is called waning immunity.
  
• Numerator. Number of pertussis cases reported in Utah (including cases identified in outbreak settings).
  Denominator. Total Utah population per year.
  
• Data Sources. Utah Department of Health and Human Services Office of Communicable Diseases
  For years 2020 and later, the population estimates are provided by the Kem C. Gardner Policy Institute, Utah state and county annual population estimates are by single year of age and sex, IBIS Version 2023
  
• Date Indicator Content Last Updated. 03/25/2024
  

Foodborne Illness - Campylobacter Infections

• Why Is It Important? ''Campylobacter'' is one of the most common bacterial causes of diarrheal illness in the United States. Most cases occur as isolated, sporadic events, and not as a part of a large outbreak. The majority of those infected will experience symptoms within 2-5 days after exposure to the bacteria, including diarrhea, severe abdominal cramping, and fever; this may be accompanied by nausea and vomiting. The illness typically lasts one week, but may be prolonged in some individuals and relapse can occur. Long-term complications are rare, but include reactive arthritis and Guillain-Barre Syndrome. All age groups can be infected by ''Campylobacter'' bacteria. The infection is acquired by eating or drinking food contaminated with ''Campylobacter'' bacteria. Illness may also be spread by direct contact with an infected person or animal. Farm animals, improperly cooked poultry, untreated water, and unpasteurized (raw) milk are the main sources of infection.
  
• Numerator. Number of culture-confirmed and probable cases of campylobacteriosis reported in Utah each year.
  Denominator. Total Utah population per year.
  
• Data Sources. For years 2020 and later, the population estimates are provided by the Kem C. Gardner Policy Institute, Utah state and county annual population estimates are by single year of age and sex, IBIS Version 2022
  Utah Department of Health and Human Services Office of Communicable Diseases
  
• Date Indicator Content Last Updated. 02/08/2024
  

Foodborne Illness - Shiga Toxin-producing ''E. coli'' (STEC) Infections

• Why Is It Important? All age groups can be infected with Shiga toxin-producing ''E. coli'' (STEC), but young children, the elderly, and those with compromised immune systems are the most severely affected. STEC are very common bacteria that can cause diarrheal illness in humans. The illness can range from mild to severe, bloody diarrhea. These infections cause approximately 100,000 illnesses, 3,000 hospitalizations, and about 90 deaths annually in the United States. The bacteria live in the intestines of some healthy cattle, and contamination of meat can occur in the slaughtering process. Eating ground beef that has been inadequately cooked is a common way of becoming infected. Other sources of infection may include drinking unpasteurized (raw) milk or juice; drinking or swimming in water that is contaminated with sewage or animal waste; eating contaminated fruits or vegetables; or contact with animals that are infected. Severe manifestations of STEC infection (HUS or TTP) require a prolonged hospital stay and may result in renal failure and death. Effective prevention is the best treatment for STEC.
  
• Numerator. Number of reported culture-confirmed and probable cases of infections caused by Shiga toxin-producing ''Escherichia coli'' O157:H7 and non-O157 serogroups per year.
  Denominator. Total Utah population per year.
  
• Data Sources. Utah Department of Health and Human Services Office of Communicable Diseases
  For years 2020 and later, the population estimates are provided by the Kem C. Gardner Policy Institute, Utah state and county annual population estimates are by single year of age and sex, IBIS Version 2022
  U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)
  
• Data Notes. Utah rates are derived from Utah annual surveillance reports published by the Office of Communicable Diseases.  Includes all reported confirmed and probable Shiga toxin-producing ''E. coli'' (STEC) cases.
  
• Date Indicator Content Last Updated. 02/08/2024
  

Foodborne Illness - Salmonella Infections

• Why Is It Important? Salmonellosis is an infectious disease caused by ''Salmonella'' bacteria. Most persons infected with ''Salmonella'' develop diarrhea, fever, and abdominal cramps 12-72 hours after exposure. The illness usually lasts 4-7 days and most persons recover without treatment. In some patients, the ''Salmonella'' infection may spread from the intestines to the bloodstream and can lead to hospitalization or death unless the person is treated promptly. The elderly, infants, and those with impaired immune systems are more likely to have a severe illness. The infection is acquired by eating or drinking food contaminated with ''Salmonella'' bacteria. Illness may also be spread by direct contact with an infected person or animal. ''Salmonella'' bacteria are commonly found in food products such as eggs, egg products, meats, poultry, unpasteurized dairy products, and contaminated produce. Domestic animals including poultry (especially baby ducks and chicks), reptiles (e.g., lizards and snakes), amphibians (especially turtles), and farm animals (e.g., cattle and pigs) may carry the bacteria.
  
• Numerator. Number of reported culture-confirmed and probable cases of salmonellosis per year.
  Denominator. Total Utah population per year.
  
• Data Sources. Utah Department of Health and Human Services Office of Communicable Diseases
  For years 2020 and later, the population estimates are provided by the Kem C. Gardner Policy Institute, Utah state and county annual population estimates are by single year of age and sex, IBIS Version 2022
  
• Data Notes. The Utah rates are derived from Utah communicable disease surveillance and Kem C. Gardner Policy Institute population estimates. Data are preliminary and may change. The CSTE case definition includes all confirmed and probable cases of ''Salmonella''.
  
• Date Indicator Content Last Updated. 02/06/2024
  

Chlamydia cases

• Why Is It Important? Infections caused by the bacterium ''Chlamydia trachomatis'' are among the most frequently reported notifiable disease in Utah, with 11,107 cases reported in 2022. Almost sixty percent of the reported cases were among persons between 15 and 24 years of age. The overall rate for chlamydia in Utah in 2022 was 328.7 cases per 100,000 persons. Females with chlamydia are at risk for developing pelvic inflammatory disease (PID), and both men and women may become infertile as a result of untreated chlamydia. Untreated chlamydia infections can damage the reproductive systems of both males and females. Susceptibility to more serious infections such as HIV also increases when an individual is infected with chlamydia. In addition, pregnant women with chlamydia can pass the infection to their infant during delivery, potentially resulting in pneumonia or neonatal ophthalmia.
  
• Numerator. Number of newly reported cases of chlamydia by date of diagnosis.
  Denominator. Number of persons in Utah.
  
• Data Sources. Utah Department of Health and Human Services Office of Communicable Diseases
  For years 2020 and later, the population estimates are provided by the Kem C. Gardner Policy Institute, Utah state and county annual population estimates are by single year of age and sex, IBIS Version 2022
  National Center for HIV, STD, and TB Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
  
• Data Notes. Rates were calculated by dividing the number of cases within a local health district by the total population in that district and multiplying by 100,000.
  
• Date Indicator Content Last Updated. 04/29/2024
  

Gonorrhea Cases

• Why Is It Important? Although much less common than chlamydia infections, gonorrhea, caused by the bacterium ''Neisseria gonorrhoeae'', is a priority public health concern in Utah. Untreated gonorrhea infections can damage the reproductive systems of both males and females. Females with gonorrhea infection are at risk for developing pelvic inflammatory disease (PID), and both men and women may become infertile as a result of untreated gonorrhea infections. Also, susceptibility to infections such as HIV also increases when an individual has gonorrhea. Furthermore, pregnant women with gonorrhea can pass the infection to their infant during delivery, potentially resulting in ophthalmia neonatorum. Gonorrhea can spread to the blood stream and settle in the joints, brain, and heart becoming systemic or known as disseminated gonorrhea. In addition to the cervix and urethra, the rectum and pharynx are also possible sites of gonococcal infection.
  
• Numerator. Number of newly reported cases of gonorrhea by date of diagnosis.
  Denominator. Number of persons in Utah.
  
• Data Sources. Utah Department of Health and Human Services Office of Communicable Diseases
  For years 2020 and later, the population estimates are provided by the Kem C. Gardner Policy Institute, Utah state and county annual population estimates are by single year of age and sex, IBIS Version 2022
  
• Data Notes. Rates were calculated by dividing the number of cases within a local health district by the total population in that district and multiplying by 100,000.
  
• Date Indicator Content Last Updated. 02/23/2024
  

Syphilis Cases - Primary and Secondary

• Why Is It Important? Syphilis is a complex sexually transmitted infection (STI) caused by the bacterium ''Treponema pallidum'' (spp. ''pallidum''). The initial stage (primary syphilis) is characterized by a highly infectious painless open sore, called a chancre, at the site of infection. Chancres occur mainly on the external genitals, vagina, anus, rectum, or in the mouth in the case of oral exposure. Syphilis is passed from person to person through direct contact with the chancre. Sexual transmission can also occur during the secondary stage of syphilis. In the second stage of syphilis, a skin rash can appear as well as other more generalized symptoms such as swollen lymph nodes, fatigue, and hair loss. Some patients can have additional skin manifestations including mucous patches (raised patches in the mouth or anus) and condylomata lata (wart-like lesions in the genital or rectal areas). Without treatment, syphilis will persist in the body even though symptoms resolve. This latent stage of syphilis is divided into early latent and late latent. Early latent syphilis refers to an infection that has been acquired in the past 12 months and late latent refers to an infection that has been acquired more than 12 months ago. Neurological, ocular, and otic manifestations can occur at any stage of syphilis and are caused by syphilis bacteria invading the brain, eyes, and auditory system, respectively. These manifestations can present as altered mental status, meningitis, decreased vision, hearing loss, and vertigo. In later stages of the disease (tertiary syphilis), the bacteria can move throughout the body, damaging internal organs over time. Affected organs can include the brain, spinal cord, heart, liver, and bones. An infant can acquire syphilis in utero through the placenta if the mother is infected. This is referred to congenital syphilis (CS). CS can have major health impacts on an infant including miscarriage, stillbirth, prematurity, low birth weight, vision, hearing loss, and bone abnormalities. Children aged 2 years of older may have signs such as abnormal tooth development, eye disorders, changes to the facial bones, and deafness. The open nature of syphilis sores makes it easier to acquire HIV, if exposed, or to transmit the virus, if infected. Public health intervention and education measures are crucial in eliminating syphilis.
  
• Numerator. Number of newly reported cases of primary and secondary syphilis by date of diagnosis.
  Denominator. Total Utah population.
  
• Data Sources. Utah Department of Health and Human Services Office of Communicable Diseases
  For years 2020 and later, the population estimates are provided by the Kem C. Gardner Policy Institute, Utah state and county annual population estimates are by single year of age and sex, IBIS Version 2022
  
• Data Notes. Rates were calculated by dividing the number of cases within a local health district by the total population in that district and multiplying by 100,000.
  
• Date Indicator Content Last Updated. 04/29/2024
  

HIV Infections

• Why Is It Important? HIV is a blood-borne virus. Transmission occurs primarily through sexual contact with an infected person, sharing needles for the injection of drugs, or before, during, or after the birth of children to HIV-infected mothers. The Bureau of Epidemiology has the responsibility of investigating cases of HIV in order to monitor trends in the disease and, whenever possible, to interrupt the transmission of HIV. This is done by collecting pertinent demographic information on reported HIV-positive individuals and by conducting follow-up on newly diagnosed individuals and their partners. No treatment is available to cure HIV, although antiretroviral treatments are available to extend survival among those who are infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV).
  
• Numerator. For views regarding new cases - the number of new HIV diagnoses in a given year. For views regarding persons living with HIV in Utah - the number of persons with diagnosed HIV infection who are known to be living in Utah during a particular time-frame.
  Denominator. Number of people living in Utah
  
• Data Sources. Population Estimates: National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS) through a collaborative agreement with the U.S. Census Bureau, IBIS Version 2019
  Utah Department of Health and Human Services Office of Communicable Diseases
  Utah Department of Health and Human Services HIV/STD Prevention and Surveillance Program
  
• Data Notes. ** Data from San Juan has been suppressed due to small numbers
  
• Date Indicator Content Last Updated. 05/22/2023
  

Smoking Among Adolescents

• Why Is It Important? Tobacco use remains a leading cause of preventable disease and death in the United States. Children and adolescents who smoke cigarettes are at increased risk for developing respiratory illnesses, impaired lung growth, cancer, heart disease, and weakened immune systems. One-third of adolescents who continue to use tobacco will die from tobacco-related diseases. In addition, youth smokers are less physically fit and less likely to be committed to their education than their nonsmoking peers. Since nearly all adult smokers begin smoking during adolescence, preventing youth from starting to use tobacco products is expected to result in substantial declines in tobacco-related disease and death.
  
• Numerator. Number of students surveyed who smoked cigarettes on one or more of the past 30 days.
  Denominator. Number of all students surveyed.
  
• Data Sources. Prevention Needs Assessment Survey
  
• Data Notes. *Use caution in interpreting; the estimate has a coefficient of variation > 30% and is therefore deemed unreliable by Utah Department of Health and Human Services standards.[[br]] ^^**The estimate has been suppressed because 1) the relative standard error is greater than 50% or 2) the observed number of events is very small and not appropriate for publication.
  
• Date Indicator Content Last Updated. 03/13/2024
  

Electronic Cigarettes / Vape Products

• Why Is It Important? Electronic cigarettes or vape products are battery-powered devices that turn liquids into aerosol. They are marketed under a variety of different names but are most commonly referred to as electronic cigarettes, e-cigarettes, vape products, mods, or tanks. They may also be known by their brand names (e.g. JUUL, Vuse, Suorin, MarkTen, Blu, Puff Bar). The liquids frequently contain nicotine and flavors. Since 2011, Utah has seen a sharp increase in vape product experimentation and use among youth and young adults. Given the uncertain public health impact of vaping and the potential for increasing nicotine addiction among young people, monitoring the use of vape products and enforcing and strengthening policies that regulate youth access are public health priorities for Utah.
  
• Numerator. __Youth experimentation with electronic cigarettes:__ number of students in grades 8, 10, and 12 who have used electronic cigarettes in their lifetime. __Current use of electronic cigarettes among youth:__ number of students in grades 8, 10, and 12 who have used electronic cigarettes in the past 30 days. __Current use of electronic cigarettes among adults:__ number of adults (age 18+) who currently use electronic cigarettes every day or some days.
  Denominator. __Experimentation and current use of electronic cigarettes among youth:__ number of all students in grades 8, 10, and 12 surveyed. __Current use of electronic cigarettes among adults:__ number of adults (age 18+)
  
• Data Sources. Prevention Needs Assessment Survey
  
• Data Notes. Current use is defined as use in the past 30 days. *For San Juan County Local Health District: Use caution in interpreting, the estimate has a relative standard error greater than 30% and does not meet Utah DHHS standards for reliability.
  
• Date Indicator Content Last Updated. 05/16/2024
  

Smoking Among Adults

• Why Is It Important? Tobacco use remains the leading preventable cause of death and disease in the United States. In Utah, smoking claims more than 1,300 lives each year. It causes or worsens nearly every chronic condition and contributes to the primary causes of death in Utah including heart disease, respiratory disease, and cancer. Smoking increases the risk for cancer of the lungs, larynx, esophagus, mouth, and bladder and contributes to cancer of the cervix, pancreas, and kidneys. Exposure to secondhand smoke increases the risk of heart disease and lung cancer among nonsmokers.
  
• Numerator. Current smoking: Number of adults aged 18 years and older who have smoked at least 100 cigarettes in their life time and who now report smoking cigarettes every day or some days.[[br]] [[br]] Quit attempt: Number of survey respondents who reported being current smokers and stopping smoking for one day or longer in the past 12 months because they were trying to quit.
  Denominator. Current smokers: Number of adults aged 18 years and older.[[br]] [[br]] Quit attempt: Number of survey respondents who reported being current cigarette smokers.
  
• Data Sources. Utah Department of Health and Human Services Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) [https://ibis.utah.gov/ibisph-view/query/selection/brfss/BRFSSSelection.html]
  Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System Survey Data, US Department of Health and Human Services Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC).
  
• Data Notes. Age-adjusted to U.S. 2000 population.
  
• Date Indicator Content Last Updated. 02/01/2024
  

Smoking in the third trimester of pregnancy

• Why Is It Important? 2022 Utah Vital Records data drawn from Certificates of Live Births indicate that 1.2% of women smoked during the last trimester of their pregnancies. Smoking before pregnancy can make it harder for women to get pregnant. During pregnancy, women who smoke cigarettes have a higher risk of delivering their infant too early and with low birth weight, making it more likely their infant will be sick and have to stay in the hospital longer. These infants also have a higher risk of having some kinds of birth defects such as cleft lip and palate. Infants whose mothers smoked during pregnancy or were exposed to secondhand smoke after delivery have a higher risk of sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS). There is no safe level of tobacco use or exposure for women and their infants. (50 Years of Progress: A Report of the Surgeon General: [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24455788])
  
• Numerator. Number of women reported on Utah Certificates of Live Births as having smoked in the last trimester of their pregnancies.
  Denominator. Number of live births to Utah residents regardless of where they occurred.
  
• Data Sources. Utah Birth Certificate Database, Office of Vital Records and Statistics, Utah Department of Health and Human Services
  
• Data Notes. Due to the relatively small number of women reporting smoking in the third trimester of pregnancy, three consecutive years of data are grouped together to provide sufficient data for analysis. ** The values for San Juan, Summit, and Wasatch local health districts are suppressed because 1) the relative standard error is greater than 50% or 2) the observed number of events is very small and not appropriate for publication.
  
• Date Indicator Content Last Updated. 09/13/2024
  

Alcohol Consumption - Binge Drinking

• Why Is It Important? '''''Binge drinking''''' is the most common pattern of excessive alcohol use in the United States and those who binge drink tend to do so frequently and with high intensity.^1^ According to the latest estimates from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, excessive alcohol use is responsible for '''140,557 deaths in the United States''' each year, including 6 in 10 deaths among working-age adults aged 20-64 years.^2^ Estimates also suggest that 903 Utahns die from alcohol-attributable causes each year^3^ and Utah is ranked seventh in the nation for alcohol poisoning deaths.^4^ Excessive alcohol use is also associated with many health and social harms, including liver cirrhosis, certain cancers, unintentional injuries, violence and fetal alcohol spectrum disorder. Excessive drinking cost the United States $249 billion in 2010, which calculates to $2.05 per drink.^1^ In 2019, the cost of excessive alcohol use in Utah was estimated to be $1.34 billion.^5^ '''SOURCES''' # Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2018). ''Fact Sheets - Binge Drinking''. Retrieved from [https://www.cdc.gov/alcohol/fact-sheets/binge-drinking.htm CDC] # Alcohol and Public Health: Alcohol-Related Disease Impact. (2021). ''Average for the United States 2015-2019 Alcohol-Attributable Deaths Due to Excessive Alcohol Use''. Retrieved from [https://nccd.cdc.gov/DPH_ARDI] # Alcohol and Public Health: Alcohol-Related Disease Impact. (2021). ''Average for Utah 2015-2019 Alcohol-Attributable Deaths Due to Excessive Alcohol Use''. Retrieved from [https://nccd.cdc.gov/DPH_ARDI] # CDC Vital Signs. (2015). ''Alcohol Poisoning Deaths Infographic''. Retrieved from [https://archive.cdc.gov/#/details?url=https://www.cdc.gov/vitalsigns/alcohol-poisoning-deaths/infographic.html CDC] # Alcohol Abuse Tracking Committee, Utah Department of Public Safety. (2019). ''Alcohol Abuse Tracking Committee 2019 Report''. Retrieved from [https://dsamh-training.utah.gov/_documents/legislativereports/2021aatcreportfinal.pdf Utah Division of Substance Abuse and Mental Health: DSAMH]
  
• Numerator. Number of survey respondents who reported binge drinking during the 30 days prior to the survey.
  Denominator. Number of survey respondents excluding those with missing, "Don't know/Not sure", or "Refused" responses.
  
• Data Sources. Utah Department of Health and Human Services Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) [https://ibis.utah.gov/ibisph-view/query/selection/brfss/BRFSSSelection.html]
  
• Data Notes. These rates are crude rates, not age-adjusted, given that the Healthy People 2020 Objective is based on crude rates. Estimates marked with the symbol ** have been suppressed because the relative standard error is greater than 50%. Use caution when interpreting estimates marked with an asterisk (*) in the data table. They have a coefficient of variation >30% and are therefore deemed unreliable by Utah Department of Health and Human Services standards.
  
• Date Indicator Content Last Updated. 03/26/2024
  

Alcohol Consumption - Heavy Drinking

• Why Is It Important? '''Heavy drinking''' is a type of excessive alcohol use. It exceeds the Dietary Guidelines for Americans definition of moderate drinking which is up to 1 drink per day for women and up to 2 drinks per day for men. Most heavy drinkers are also binge drinkers. According to the latest estimates from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, excessive alcohol use is responsible for '''140,557 deaths in the United States''' each year, including 1 in 10 deaths among working-age adults aged 20-64 years.^1^ Estimates also suggest that '''903 Utahns''' die from alcohol-attributable causes each year and Utah is ranked seventh in the nation for alcohol poisoning deaths.^2^ Excessive alcohol use is also associated with many health and social harms, including '''liver cirrhosis, certain cancers, unintentional injuries, violence, and fetal alcohol spectrum disorder'''. Excessive drinking cost the United States $249 billion in 2010.^3^ In 2014, the cost of excessive alcohol use in Utah was estimated to be $1.2 billion.^4^[[br]] [[br]] ---- #Preventing Chronic Disease, 2014, Contribution of excessive alcohol consumption to deaths and years of potential life lost in the United States #Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Alcohol-Related Disease Impact (ARDI) application, 2021. Available at [http://www.cdc.gov/ARDI] #American Journal of Preventative Medicine, 2010, National and State Costs of Excessive Alcohol Consumption #Utah Department of Public Safety, Alcohol Abuse Tracking Committee, 2016 Report
  
• Numerator. Number of survey respondents who reported heavy drinking during the 30 days prior to the survey.
  Denominator. Number of survey respondents excluding those with missing, "Don't know/Not sure" or "Refused" responses.
  
• Data Sources. Utah Department of Health and Human Services Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) [https://ibis.utah.gov/ibisph-view/query/selection/brfss/BRFSSSelection.html]
  
• Data Notes. The calculated variable for heavy drinking uses the definition "more than 14 drinks for men" and "more than 7 drinks for women". See Data Interpretation Issues for further information.  [[br]]These rates are crude rates, not age-adjusted, given that the Healthy People 2020 Objective is based on crude rates.
  
• Date Indicator Content Last Updated. 03/26/2024
  

Substance abuse (alcohol or marijuana) - adolescents

• Why Is It Important? An adolescent brain is still developing, putting youth at greater risk of developing addiction and experiencing life long consequences from use. According to research conducted by Candice Odgers, et al., "early-exposed adolescents were at an increased risk for the adult outcomes of substance dependence, herpes infection, early pregnancy, failure to obtain educational qualifications, and criminal convictions."^1^[[br]] [[br]] ---- 1. Odgers, C. L., Caspi, A., Nagin, D. S., Piquero, A. R., Slutske, W. S., Milne, B. J., Dickson, N., Poulton, R., & Moffitt, T. E. (2008). Is It Important to Prevent Early Exposure to Drugs and Alcohol Among Adolescents? Psychological Science, 19(10), 1037-1044.
  
• Numerator. Number of students who reported using alcohol or marijuana during the past 30 days.
  Denominator. All public school students in grades 9-12 (YRBS) or grades 8, 10, and 12 (PNA).
  
• Data Sources. Prevention Needs Assessment Survey
  
• Data Notes. *Use caution in interpreting TriCounty and Wasatch County LHDs; the estimate has a coefficient of variation > 30% and is therefore deemed unreliable by Utah Department of Health and Human Services standards. **The estimate has been suppressed because 1) the relative standard error is greater than 50% or 2) the observed number of events is very small and not appropriate for publication. Grades 8, 10 and 12. Alcohol use was defined as at least one drink of alcohol. Question text: On how many occasions (if any) have you had beer, wine, or hard liquor to drink during the past 30 days?
  
• Date Indicator Content Last Updated. 10/11/2024
  

Family meals

• Why Is It Important? Many studies indicate that eating meals as a family is associated with increased consumption of fruits, vegetables, and whole grains. Regularly eating meals as a family may lead to better mental health and connectedness.
  
• Numerator. Number of adults who live in households where family members ate meals together 5 or more times in the past 7days
  Denominator. Adults in households with children under the age of 18.
  
• Data Sources. Utah Department of Health and Human Services Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) [https://ibis.utah.gov/ibisph-view/query/selection/brfss/BRFSSSelection.html]
  
• Data Notes. The question was only asked to adults in households with children under the age of 18 (approximately 40% of the sample).  Age-adjusted to 2000 U.S. standard population. * The percentage for San Juan County Health District does not meet Utah DHHS standards for reliability. Interpret with caution.
  
• Date Indicator Content Last Updated. 10/18/2024
  

Daily fruit consumption

• Why Is It Important? Fruits contain essential vitamins, minerals, fiber, and other compounds that may help prevent many chronic diseases. Compared with people who consume a diet with only small amounts of fruits and vegetables, those who eat more generous amounts as part of a healthful diet are likely to have reduced risk of chronic diseases, including stroke, other cardiovascular diseases, and certain cancers.^1^ Fruits and vegetables also help people to achieve and maintain a healthy weight because they are relatively low in energy density.^2^ To promote health and prevent chronic diseases, the U.S. Department of Agriculture recommends 2 cups of fruit per day in a standard 2,000-calorie diet for those between the ages of 19 and 59.^3^ Specific recommendations based on an individual's age, gender, and activity level can be found in the [https://www.dietaryguidelines.gov/resources/2020-2025-dietary-guidelines-online-materials/ 2020-2025 Dietary Guidelines for Americans].[[br]] [[br]] ---- 1. MyPlate U.S. Department of Agriculture [https://www.myplate.gov/eat-healthy/fruits#:~:text=guava%2C%20and%20kiwifruit.-,Nutrients,are%20sources%20of%20dietary%20fiber./ "Fruits"][[br]] 2. CDC [https://www.cdc.gov/healthy-weight-growth/healthy-eating/index.html "Healthy Eating for a Healthy Weight"][[br]] 3. U.S. Department of Agriculture and U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. Dietary Guidelines for Americans, 2020-2025. 9th Edition. December 2020. Available at [https://www.dietaryguidelines.gov/ Dietary Guidelines for Americans].
  
• Numerator. The number of survey respondents who reported consuming fruit 2 or more times a day.
  Denominator. The total number of survey respondents.
  
• Data Sources. Utah Department of Health and Human Services Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) [https://ibis.utah.gov/ibisph-view/query/selection/brfss/BRFSSSelection.html]
  
• Data Notes. Age-adjusted to U.S. 2000 standard population.
  
• Date Indicator Content Last Updated. 10/18/2024
  

Daily vegetable consumption

• Why Is It Important? Vegetables contain essential vitamins, minerals, fiber, and other compounds that may help prevent many chronic diseases. Compared with people who consume a diet with only small amounts of fruits and vegetables, those who eat more generous amounts as part of a healthful diet are likely to have reduced risk of chronic diseases, including stroke and perhaps other cardiovascular diseases, and certain cancers.^1^ Fruits and vegetables also help people to achieve and maintain a healthy weight because they are relatively low in energy density.^2^ To promote health and prevent chronic diseases, the U.S. Department of Agriculture recommends 2.5 cups of vegetables per day in a standard 2,000-calorie diet for those between the ages of 19 and 59.^3^ Specific recommendations based on an individual's age, gender, and activity level can be found in the [https://www.dietaryguidelines.gov/resources/2020-2025-dietary-guidelines-online-materials/ 2020-2025 Dietary Guidelines for Americans].[[br]] [[br]] ---- 1. MyPlate U.S. Department of Agriculture [https://www.myplate.gov/eat-healthy/vegetables/ "Vegetables"][[br]] 2. CDC [https://www.cdc.gov/healthy-weight-growth/healthy-eating/index.html "Tips for Healthy Eating for a Healthy Weight"] [[br]] 3. U.S. Department of Agriculture and U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. Dietary Guidelines for Americans, 2020-2025. 9th Edition. December 2020. Available at [https://www.dietaryguidelines.gov/ Dietary Guidelines for Americans].
  
• Numerator. The number of survey respondents who reported consuming vegetables at least 3 times per day in the past month.
  Denominator. The total number of survey respondents.
  
• Data Sources. Utah Department of Health and Human Services Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) [https://ibis.utah.gov/ibisph-view/query/selection/brfss/BRFSSSelection.html]
  
• Data Notes. Age-adjusted to U.S. 2000 standard population.[[br]]
  
• Date Indicator Content Last Updated. 10/18/2024
  

Activity Limitation in the Past 30 Days

• Why Is It Important? Persons whose activities are limited due to physical, mental, or emotional problems may need more specialized health care than persons without such limitation. Their medical costs are generally higher and they are more likely to miss days from school or work.
  
• Numerator. Number of adults who reported poor physical or mental health in the past 30 days (7+ days in the past 30 days)
  Denominator. Total number of survey respondents excluding those with missing, 'Don't know/Not sure' and 'Refused' responses.
  
• Data Sources. Utah Department of Health and Human Services Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) [https://ibis.utah.gov/ibisph-view/query/selection/brfss/BRFSSSelection.html]
  Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System Survey Data, US Department of Health and Human Services Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC).
  
• Data Notes. Age-adjusted to the U.S. 2000 standard population. *Use caution in interpreting; the estimate has a coefficient of variation >30% and is therefore deemed unreliable by Utah Department of Health and Human Services standards.
  
• Date Indicator Content Last Updated. 03/08/2024
  

Physical activity: recommended aerobic activity among adults

• Why Is It Important? Physical activity protects independently against cardiovascular disease. Physical activity has been shown to reduce the risk of some cancers, type 2 diabetes, stroke, and heart disease. Physical activity improves general physical and mental health. Regular physical activity helps to relieve pain from osteoarthritis. Regular physical activity is also known to improve effective disorders such as depression and anxiety, and increase quality of life and independent living among the elderly. ^1^[[br]] [[br]] ---- 1. CDC [https://www.cdc.gov/physical-activity/php/about/index.html Physical Activity: Why It Matters]
  
• Numerator. Percentage of adults aged 18 years and older who report they participate in aerobic physical activity recommendations of getting at least 150 minutes per week of moderate-intensity activity, or 75 minutes of vigorous-intensity activity, or an equivalent combination of moderate-vigorous intensity activity.
  Denominator. Number of surveyed adults aged 18 years and older.
  
• Data Sources. Utah Department of Health and Human Services Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) [https://ibis.utah.gov/ibisph-view/query/selection/brfss/BRFSSSelection.html]
  
• Data Notes. Age-adjusted to U.S. 2000 standard population. *Use caution in interpreting; the estimate has a coefficient of variation > 30% and is therefore deemed unreliable by Utah Department of Health and Human Services standards.
  
• Date Indicator Content Last Updated. 10/18/2024
  

Physical activity: recommended muscle-strengthening among adults

• Why Is It Important? Physical activity protects independently against cardiovascular disease. Physical activity has been shown to reduce the risk of some cancers, type 2 diabetes, stroke, and heart disease. Physical activity improves general physical and mental health. Regular physical activity helps to relieve pain from osteoarthritis. Regular physical activity is also known to improve effective disorders such as depression and anxiety, and increase quality of life and independent living among the elderly. ^1^[[br]] [[br]] ---- 1. CDC [https://www.cdc.gov/physical-activity/php/about/index.html Physical Activity: Why It Matters]
  
• Numerator. Number of adults aged 18 years and older who reported doing muscle-strengthening activities on two or more days of the week.
  Denominator. Number of surveyed adults aged 18 years and older.
  
• Data Sources. Utah Department of Health and Human Services Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) [https://ibis.utah.gov/ibisph-view/query/selection/brfss/BRFSSSelection.html]
  
• Data Notes. In 2016, Utah BRFSS modified its methodology for age adjustment for increased precision. With this change Utah is consistent with both the U.S. and other states using IBIS. Charts have been updated from 2011 forward to reflect this change.  [[br]][[br]]Age-adjusted to the U.S. 2000 standard population.
  
• Date Indicator Content Last Updated. 10/18/2024
  

Physical activity among adolescents

• Why Is It Important? Regular physical activity can help children and adolescents improve their overall health, such as cardiorespiratory fitness, strengthen bones and muscles, control weight, and reduce symptoms associated with anxiety and depression. Physical activity has also been shown to reduce the risk of developing certain health conditions, such as heart disease, cancer, type 2 diabetes, and obesity.^1^ Since diet and physical activity have been shown to help reduce and maintain weight, monitoring physical activity levels in adolescents is important. According to the 2023 Youth Risk Behavior Survey (YRBS), 27.7% of Utah public high school students were at or above the 85th percentile for body mass index, by age and sex. The recommendation based on the most current HHS Physical Activity Guidelines for Americans is:^2^ Children and adolescents ages 6 through 17 years should do 60 minutes (1 hour) or more of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity daily: * Aerobic: Most of the 60 minutes or more per day should be either moderate- or vigorous-intensity aerobic physical activity and should include vigorous-intensity physical activity on at least 3 days a week. * Muscle-strengthening: As part of their 60 minutes or more of daily physical activity, children and adolescents should include muscle-strengthening physical activity on at least 3 days a week. * Bone-strengthening: As part of their 60 minutes or more of daily physical activity, children and adolescents should include bone-strengthening physical activity on at least 3 days a week.[[br]] [[br]] ---- 1. CDC [https://www.cdc.gov/healthyschools/physicalactivity/facts.htm/ Physical Activity Facts][[br]] 2. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services [https://health.gov/our-work/nutrition-physical-activity/physical-activity-guidelines/current-guidelines/ Physical Activity Guidelines for Americans 2nd Edition]
  
• Numerator. The number of public high school students who were physically active doing any kind of physical activity that increased their heart rate and made them breathe hard some of the time for a total of at least 60 minutes per day on all of the past seven days.
  Denominator. All public high school students.
  
• Data Sources. Prevention Needs Assessment Survey
  
• Data Notes. Adolescents in grades 8, 10, and 12, from the Prevention Needs Assessment (PNA) survey. *Use caution in interpreting; the estimate has a coefficient of variation > 30% and is therefore deemed unreliable by Utah Department of Health and Human Services standards.
  
• Date Indicator Content Last Updated. 10/18/2024
  

Obesity among adults

• Why Is It Important? Obesity is a costly and serious chronic condition.^1^ Adults who have obesity are at an increased risk of other health conditions and diseases, such as high blood pressure and cholesterol, coronary heart disease, type 2 diabetes, breathing problems, stroke, gallbladder disease, and osteoarthritis. The economic impacts of obesity include an estimated $173 billion in annual medical care costs.^2^ While there is no single solution to addressing obesity, state and local organizations, communities, and individuals can create environments that support healthy lifestyles. This includes supporting Family Healthy Weight Programs, healthy eating and active living in community settings, and implementing early care and education policies.^3^ To learn more about how the Healthy Environments Active Living (HEAL) Program is supporting these strategies, visit [https://heal.utah.gov/ heal.utah.gov][[br]] [[br]] ---- 1. CDC [https://www.cdc.gov/obesity/index.html/ Overweight and Obesity][[br]] 2. CDC [https://www.cdc.gov/obesity/basics/consequences.html/ Consequences of Obesity][[br]] 3. CDC [https://www.cdc.gov/obesity/php/about/obesity-strategies-what-can-be-done.html]
  
• Numerator. Number of respondents aged 18 years and older who have a body mass index (BMI) greater than or equal to 30.0 kg/m^2^ calculated from self-reported weight and height.
  Denominator. Number of respondents aged 18 years and older for whom BMI can be calculated from their self-reported weight and height (excludes unknowns or refusals for weight and height).
  
• Data Sources. Utah Department of Health and Human Services Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) [https://ibis.utah.gov/ibisph-view/query/selection/brfss/BRFSSSelection.html]
  
• Data Notes. Obesity is defined as a body mass index (BMI) of 30 or more. BMI is calculated by dividing weight in kilograms by the square of height in meters.^1^ 1. CDC [https://www.cdc.gov/nccdphp/dnpao/data-trends-maps/help/npao_dtm/definitions.html]  [[br]] [[br]] Percentages have been age-adjusted to the U.S. 2000 standard population. [[br]]
  
• Date Indicator Content Last Updated. 10/18/2024
  

Overweight or obese

• Why Is It Important? Obesity is a costly and serious chronic condition.^1^ Adults who have obesity are at an increased risk of other health conditions and diseases, such as high blood pressure and cholesterol, coronary heart disease, type 2 diabetes, breathing problems, stroke, gallbladder disease, and osteoarthritis. The economic impacts of obesity include an estimated $173 billion in annual medical care costs.^2^ While there is no single solution to addressing obesity, state and local organizations, communities, and individuals can create environments that support healthy lifestyles. This includes supporting Family Healthy Weight Programs, healthy eating and active living in community settings, and implementing early care and education policies.^3^ To learn more about how the Healthy Environments Active Living (HEAL) Program is supporting these strategies, visit [https://heal.utah.gov/ heal.utah.gov][[br]] [[br]] ---- 1. CDC [https://www.cdc.gov/obesity/index.html/ Overweight and Obesity][[br]] 2. CDC [https://www.cdc.gov/obesity/basics/consequences.html/ Consequences of Obesity][[br]] 3. CDC [https://www.cdc.gov/obesity/php/about/obesity-strategies-what-can-be-done.html Obesity Strategies: What Can Be Done]
  
• Numerator. The number of respondents age 18 years and older who have a body mass index (BMI) greater than or equal to 25.0 kg/m^2^ calculated from self-reported weight and height.
  Denominator. The number of respondents age 18 years and older for whom BMI can be calculated from their self-reported weight and height (excludes unknowns or refusals for weight and height).
  
• Data Sources. Utah Department of Health and Human Services Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) [https://ibis.utah.gov/ibisph-view/query/selection/brfss/BRFSSSelection.html]
  
• Data Notes. Overweight is defined as having a body mass index (BMI) that is between 25.0 to <30. Obesity is defined as a BMI of 30 or more. BMI is calculated by dividing weight in kilograms by the square of height in meters.^1^ 1. CDC [https://www.cdc.gov/nccdphp/dnpao/data-trends-maps/help/npao_dtm/definitions.html]  [[br]] [[br]] Percentages have been age-adjusted to the U.S. 2000 standard population.
  
• Date Indicator Content Last Updated. 10/18/2024
  

Obesity among children and adolescents

• Why Is It Important? The number of children with obesity is increasing in the United States.^1^ This is a serious health problem, where 1 in 5 children and adolescents are affected. Many factors contribute to weight in childhood, including genetics, behaviors, certain medications, childcare and school environments, health and affordable food access, safe and convenient access to places for physical activity, and built environment design.^2^ Having obesity in childhood is associated with many health conditions, including high blood pressure and cholesterol, type 2 diabetes, asthma, joint problems, and gallbladder disease. There have also been associations with psychological problems (such as anxiety and depression), low self-esteem and quality of life, social problems, and having obesity in adulthood.^3^[[br]] [[br]] ---- 1. CDC [https://www.cdc.gov/obesity/strategies/early-care-education/helping-young-children-thrive/index.html Helping Young Children Thrive][[br]] 2. CDC [https://www.cdc.gov/healthyschools/obesity/index.htm Obesity][[br]] 3. CDC [https://www.cdc.gov/obesity/basics/consequences.html Consequences of Obesity]
  
• Numerator. Number of individuals surveyed or measured who are obese (BMI greater than or equal to the 95th percentile for BMI by age and sex based on CDC Growth Charts).^1^[[br]] [[br]] ---- 1. Child and Teen BMI Calculator. Center for Disease Control and Prevention. [https://www.cdc.gov/bmi/child-teen-calculator/index.html]
  Denominator. Total number of youth surveyed or measured for height and weight.
  
• Data Sources. Prevention Needs Assessment Survey
  
• Data Notes. Childhood obesity is determined by calculating BMI using the height, weight, age, and sex of the child. The child is considered to be obese if the resulting BMI is greater than or equal to the 95th percentile for age and sex based on the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Growth Charts (2 to 20 years: Boys Body Mass index-for-age percentiles and 2 to 20 years: Girls Body Mass index-for-age percentiles).  [[br]] [[br]] Based on the Prevention Needs Assessment Survey, Form B. *Use caution in interpreting; the estimate has a coefficient of variation > 30% and is therefore deemed unreliable by Utah Department of Health and Human Services standards. **The estimate has been suppressed because 1) the relative standard error is greater than 50% or 2) the observed number of events is very small and not appropriate for publication.
  
• Date Indicator Content Last Updated. 10/18/2024
  

Obesity prior to pregnancy

• Why Is It Important? Women who are not at a healthy weight prior to pregnancy are at increased risk of adverse maternal and infant outcomes. Women who are obese prior to pregnancy have longer hospital stays and higher utilization of medical care during pregnancy.
  
• Numerator. The number of women who delivered a live birth and had a body mass index (BMI) greater than or equal to 30.0 kg/m^2^ calculated from pre-pregnancy weight and height.
  Denominator. Total number of live births.
  
• Data Sources. Utah Birth Certificate Database, Office of Vital Records and Statistics, Utah Department of Health and Human Services
  
• Data Notes. Obesity for adults is defined as a BMI of 30 or more. BMI is calculated by dividing weight in kilograms by the square of height in meters. 
  
• Date Indicator Content Last Updated. 09/13/2024
  

Births from unintended pregnancies

• Why Is It Important? In the United States, unintended pregnancy is a major public health concern. Unintended pregnancy is a general term that includes pregnancies a woman reports were either mistimed or unwanted at the time of conception. Women with unintended pregnancies are less likely to seek early prenatal care or receive adequate prenatal care, they are more likely to smoke or drink during pregnancy, and are less likely to initiate or maintain breastfeeding.
  
• Numerator. Number of unintended births among Utah women.
  Denominator. Number of Utah women with a live birth.
  
• Data Sources. Utah Department of Health and Human Services Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System (PRAMS)
  
• Data Notes. Question: "Thinking back to just before you got pregnant, how did you feel about becoming pregnant?" (check one answer). Answer Options: I wanted to be pregnant sooner, I wanted to be pregnant later, I wanted to be pregnant then, I didn't want to be pregnant then or at any time in the future, or I wasn't sure what I wanted. Women who wanted to be pregnant later or didn't want to be pregnant were categorized as having an unintended pregnancy.  [[br]] [[br]]*Use caution when interpreting the estimate for Central LHD as it has a relative standard error greater than 30% which does not meet DHHS standards for reliability. **The estimates for San Juan, Southeast, Summit, and Wasatch have been suppressed as they have a relative standard error greater than 50% or less than 11 respondents and not appropriate for publication.
  
• Date Indicator Content Last Updated. 08/06/2024
  

Adolescent births

• Why Is It Important? Research indicates that bearing a child during adolescence is associated with long-term difficulties for the mother, her child, and society. These consequences are often attributable to poverty and other adverse socioeconomic circumstances that frequently accompany early childbearing. Compared to babies born to older mothers, babies born to adolescent mothers, particularly young adolescent mothers, are at higher risk of low birth weight and infant mortality. These babies are more likely to grow up in homes that offer lower levels of emotional support and cognitive stimulation, and they are less likely to earn a high school diploma. For mothers, giving birth during adolescence is associated with limited educational attainment, which in turn can reduce future employment prospects and earning potential.
  
• Numerator. The number of live births to adolescent mothers aged 15-19.
  Denominator. The number of adolescent females in the population.
  
• Data Sources. Utah Birth Certificate Database, Office of Vital Records and Statistics, Utah Department of Health and Human Services
  For years 2010 and later, the population estimates are provided by the Kem C. Gardner Policy Institute, Utah state and county annual population estimates are by single year of age and sex, IBIS Version 2023
  National Vital Statistics System, National Center for Health Statistics, U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
  
• Data Notes. *Use caution in interpreting; the estimate has a coefficient of variation >30% and is therefore deemed unreliable by Utah Department of Health and Human Services standards. **The estimate has been suppressed because 1) the relative standard error is greater than 50% or the relative standard error can't be determined, 2) the observed number of events is very small and not appropriate for publication. ***2023 provisional data
  
• Date Indicator Content Last Updated. 09/09/2024
  

Health Insurance Coverage

• Why Is It Important? Most people need medical care at some time in their lives. Medical care is often quite expensive and is becoming more expensive. Health insurance covers all or some costs of care and protects people from very high expenses. Persons with health insurance are more likely than persons without health insurance to have a regular source of primary health care and to have routine preventive care. Persons without coverage often have delayed seeking needed care and find services difficult to afford.
  
• Numerator. Number of persons in the survey sample who lacked health insurance coverage
  Denominator. Total number of persons in the survey sample
  
• Data Sources. Utah Data: Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, Office of Public Health Assessment, Utah Department of Health
  
• Data Notes. Health insurance is defined as including private coverage, Medicaid, Medicare, and other government programs  [[br]] [[br]] Age-adjusted to U.S. 2000 standard population using 6 age-adjustment age groups. [[br]] [[br]] *Use caution in interpreting. The estimates have a relative standard error >30% and are therefore deemed unreliable by Utah Department of Health standards.
  
• Date Indicator Content Last Updated. 10/22/2021
  

Cost as a Barrier to Health Care

• Why Is It Important? Access to health care is still a problem for many Utahns. Individuals who cannot obtain needed health care tend to have higher rates of death and disability from chronic disease. Cost is the most commonly reported barrier to getting needed health care.
  
• Numerator. Number of survey respondents who reported they were unable to receive needed health care in the past year due to cost.
  Denominator. Total number of survey respondents excluding those with missing, "Don't know/Not sure", and "Refused" answers.
  
• Data Sources. Utah Department of Health and Human Services Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) [https://ibis.utah.gov/ibisph-view/query/selection/brfss/BRFSSSelection.html]
  Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System Survey Data, US Department of Health and Human Services Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC).
  
• Data Notes. Age-adjusted to the U.S. 2000 standard population. Note: At the time of this update, the BRFSS U.S. dataset did not include an age variable but did include five age categories up to age 80+ (vs. the typical weighting scheme that includes 85+). Comparisons with both weighting schemes were compared using Utah data, and the difference was about 1/100 of a percentage point. * Use caution in interpreting; the estimate has a coefficient of variation >30% and is therefore deemed unreliable by Utah Department of Health and Human Services standards.
  
• Date Indicator Content Last Updated. 11/17/2023
  

• Why Is It Important?
  
• Numerator.
  Denominator.
  
• Date Indicator Content Last Updated.
  

Telehealth utilization

• Why Is It Important? Telehealth (also known as telemedicine) lets healthcare providers provide care without an in-person office visit. In-person office visits with a healthcare provider may be necessary in certain cases, however, there are many benefits to telehealth: * Limited physical contact reduces everyone's exposure to COVID-19 * Virtual visits ensure you get health care wherever you are located - at home, at work, or even in your car *Virtual visits cut down on travel, time off from work, and the need for childcare * Virtual healthcare tools can shorten the wait for an appointment * Increased access to specialists who are located far away from your hometown
  
• Numerator. Number of Utah adults reporting telehealth services
  Denominator. Total number of Utah adults
  
• Data Sources. Utah Department of Health and Human Services Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) [https://ibis.utah.gov/ibisph-view/query/selection/brfss/BRFSSSelection.html]
  Population Estimates: National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS) through a collaborative agreement with the U.S. Census Bureau, IBIS Version 2020
  
• Data Notes. "Don't know" and "Refused" responses were eliminated from the denominator. In 2016, Utah BRFSS modified its methodology for age adjustment for increased precision. With this change Utah is consistent with both the U.S. and other states using IBIS. Data has been updated from 2011 onward in all chart views to reflect this change. 
  
• Date Indicator Content Last Updated. 05/03/2023
  

Asthma Hospitalizations

• Why Is It Important? Asthma can usually be managed in an outpatient setting, reducing the need for inpatient hospitalization. Tracking rates of hospitalization can aid in identifying populations or areas with inadequate access to routine medical care. An asthma attack can result in hospitalization and can be initiated by a variety of triggers. Some of these include exposure to environmental tobacco smoke, dust mites, cockroach allergen, mold, pets, strenuous physical exercise, and air pollution. Two key air pollutants that can affect asthma are ozone (found in smog) and PM or particulate matter (found in haze, smoke, and dust). The majority of problems associated with asthma, including hospitalization, are preventable if asthma is managed according to established guidelines. Effective management includes control of exposure to factors that trigger exacerbations, adequate pharmacological management, continual monitoring of the disease, and patient education in asthma care.
  
• Numerator. Rate/Number: Number of hospitalizations among the Utah population with asthma as the principle diagnosis.
  Denominator. Rate: Number of Utah residents.[[br]] Number: Not applicable.
  
• Data Sources. Utah Inpatient Hospital Discharge Data, Healthcare Information & Analysis Programs, Office of Research & Evaluation, Utah Department of Health and Human Services
  For years 2020 and later, the population estimates are provided by the Kem C. Gardner Policy Institute, Utah state and county annual population estimates are by single year of age and sex, IBIS Version 2022
  Population Estimates for 2000-2019: National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS) through a collaborative agreement with the U.S. Census Bureau, IBIS Version 2020
  
• Data Notes. Asthma was identified using the the National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS) 113 selected causes asthma definition.  [[br]][[br]]*Use caution in interpreting. The estimate has a coefficient of variation >30% and is therefore deemed unreliable by Utah Department of Health and Human Services standards. Rates were age-adjusted to the U.S. 2000 standard population. Data reported are for all years using the current boundaries.
  
• Date Indicator Content Last Updated. 08/07/2024
  

Asthma-related Emergency Department (ED) Visits

• Why Is It Important? Asthma can usually be managed in an outpatient setting, reducing the need for emergency department visits. Tracking rates of emergency department visits can aid in identifying populations or areas with inadequate access to routine medical care. An asthma attack can necessitate an emergency department visit and can be initiated by a variety of triggers. Some of these include exposure to environmental tobacco smoke, dust mites, cockroach allergen, mold, pets, strenuous physical exercise, and air pollution. Two key air pollutants that can affect asthma are ozone (found in smog) and PM or particulate matter (found in haze, smoke, and dust). The majority of problems associated with asthma, including emergency department visits, are preventable if asthma is managed according to established guidelines. Effective management includes control of exposures to factors that trigger exacerbations, adequate pharmacological management, continual monitoring of the disease, and patient education in asthma care.
  
• Numerator. Rate/number: Number of emergency department visits among the Utah population with asthma as the principle diagnosis.
  Denominator. Rate: Utah population. [[br]] Number: Not applicable.
  
• Data Sources. Emergency Department Encounter Database, Healthcare Information & Analysis Programs, Office of Research & Evaluation, Utah Department of Health and Human Services
  For years 2020 and later, the population estimates are provided by the Kem C. Gardner Policy Institute, Utah state and county annual population estimates are by single year of age and sex, IBIS Version 2022
  
• Data Notes. Asthma was identified using the National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS) 113 selected causes asthma definition. All ED encounters are included in the presented data, which includes those that were treat and release visits, as well as those that resulted in hospital admission.  [[br]][[br]]Rates were age-adjusted to the U.S. 2000 standard population.
  
• Date Indicator Content Last Updated. 08/07/2024
  

Diabetes hemoglobin A1C tests

• Why Is It Important? Proper diabetes management requires regular monitoring of blood sugar levels. Glucometers provide immediate feedback on blood sugar levels. An A1C test, however, tells a person what his or her average blood sugar level has been over the past two or three months and is a more reliable indicator of blood sugar control. An A1C level indicates the amount of sugar that is attached to red blood cells (hemoglobin cells). Red blood cells are replaced every two or three months and sugar stays attached to the cells until they die. When levels of blood sugar are high, more sugar is available to attach to red blood cells. For most people with diabetes, the target A1C level is less than 7 percent. Higher levels suggest that a change in therapy may be needed. Therefore, obtaining regular A1C tests plays an important role in diabetes management. The American Diabetes Association [http://care.diabetesjournals.org/cgi/content/full/27/suppl_1/s15#T7 recommends] that people with diabetes have an A1C test at least two times a year. However, the test should be conducted more often for individuals who are not meeting target blood sugar goals, or who have had a recent change in therapy.
  
• Numerator. Number of adults 18 or older with diagnosed diabetes who had at least two A1C tests in the past 12 months.
  Denominator. Total number of surveyed adults 18 or older who were ever told by a health care professional that they had diabetes (excludes women with a history of gestational diabetes). Responses of "Don't know" and "Refused" were excluded from the analysis.
  
• Data Sources. Utah Department of Health and Human Services Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) [https://ibis.utah.gov/ibisph-view/query/selection/brfss/BRFSSSelection.html]
  
• Data Notes. Beginning in 2011, BRFSS data include both landline and cell phone respondent data along with a new weighting methodology called iterative proportional fitting, or raking. This methodology utilizes additional demographic information (such as education, race, and marital status) in the weighting procedure. Both of these methodology changes were implemented to account for an increased number of U.S. households without landline phones and an under-representation of certain demographic groups that were not well-represented in the sample. This graph is based on the new methodology. More details about these changes can be found at [[a href="pdf/opha/resource/brfss/RakingImpact2011.pdf" https://ibis.utah.gov/ibisph-view/pdf/opha/resource/brfss/RakingImpact2011.pdf]]. 
  
• Date Indicator Content Last Updated. 10/04/2024
  

Personal Doctor or Health Care Provider

• Why Is It Important? As each new health care need arises, an individual's first point of contact with the health care system is typically his or her personal doctor. In most cases a personal doctor can effectively and efficiently manage a patient's medical care because they understand that person's medical history and social background. Having a regular source of health care is also an indicator of overall access to care.
  
• Numerator. Number of adults who reported having at least one person they think of as their personal doctor or health care provider.
  Denominator. Total number of adults interviewed during the same survey period.
  
• Data Sources. Utah Department of Health and Human Services Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) [https://ibis.utah.gov/ibisph-view/query/selection/brfss/BRFSSSelection.html]
  Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System Survey Data, US Department of Health and Human Services Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC).
  
• Data Notes. Age-adjusted to U.S. 2000 standard population. **Estimates have been suppressed because the relative standard of error is greater than 50%.
  
• Date Indicator Content Last Updated. 03/08/2024
  

Routine Medical Care Visits

• Why Is It Important? Clinical preventive services are important for maintaining good health. Early detection and treatment of disease improve the chances of full recovery. Physician counseling can influence health behaviors and prevent disease entirely in many cases. It is especially important for persons in poor health to have a primary physician who understands their medical history and problems and can give them appropriate care that fits their medical and social context.
  
• Numerator. Number of survey respondents who reported a routine check-up in the past year.
  Denominator. Total number of survey respondents excluding those with missing, "Don't know/Not sure," and "Refused" responses.
  
• Data Sources. Utah Department of Health and Human Services Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) [https://ibis.utah.gov/ibisph-view/query/selection/brfss/BRFSSSelection.html]
  Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System Survey Data, US Department of Health and Human Services Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC).
  
• Data Notes. Age-adjusted to the U.S. 2000 standard population. Note: At the time of this update, the BRFSS U.S. dataset did not include an age variable but did include five age categories up to age 80+ (vs. the typical weighting scheme that includes 85+). Comparisons with both weighting schemes were compared using Utah data, and the difference was about 1/100 of a percentage point.
  
• Date Indicator Content Last Updated. 03/08/2024
  

Routine dental health care visits

• Why Is It Important? Regular dental visits are important in the prevention, early detection, and treatment of oral and craniofacial diseases and conditions for all ages. Adults need regular professional care to avoid tooth loss, the need for complex restorative treatment, and even systemic health problems. Even people without teeth need to be monitored regularly for oral health which may be affected by systemic conditions, medications, prosthetic devices, and exposure to tobacco. Infrequent use of dental services has been associated with poor oral health among adults.
  
• Numerator. Number of survey respondents who reported a dental visit within the past 12 months.
  Denominator. Total number of survey respondents excluding those with missing, "Don't know/Not sure" or "Refused" responses.
  
• Data Sources. Utah Department of Health and Human Services Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) [https://ibis.utah.gov/ibisph-view/query/selection/brfss/BRFSSSelection.html]
  Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System Survey Data, US Department of Health and Human Services Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC).
  
• Data Notes. Age-adjusted to U.S. 2000 standard population.
  
• Date Indicator Content Last Updated. 10/01/2024
  

Prenatal care

• Why Is It Important? Women who receive early and consistent prenatal care (PNC) enhance their likelihood of giving birth to a healthy child. Healthcare providers recommend that women begin prenatal care in the first trimester of their pregnancy.
  
• Numerator. Number of infants born to pregnant women receiving prenatal care in the first trimester.
  Denominator. Number of live births.
  
• Data Sources. Utah Birth Certificate Database, Office of Vital Records and Statistics, Utah Department of Health and Human Services
  National Center for Health Statistics
  
• Data Notes. Percentage of mothers of live born infants where prenatal care was reported to have been received in the first trimester (births where prenatal care was unreported were counted in the denominator).  [[br]] [[br]] Note: Local health district represents district of mother's residence.
  
• Date Indicator Content Last Updated. 10/04/2024
  

Immunizations: influenza, adults

• Why Is It Important? Influenza, or flu, is an acute viral infection involving the respiratory tract that can occur in epidemics or pandemics. Influenza can cause a person, especially older persons, to be more susceptible to bacterial pneumonia. It was estimated that in the 2022/23 flu season, 31 million flu illnesses occurred in the U.S. resulting in 360,000 hospitalizations and 21,000 deaths. Among children, this season was classified as high severity.^1^ The annual direct medical costs (hospitalization, doctors office visits, medications, etc.) for influenza in adults are estimated at $8.7 billion including $4.5 billion for adult hospitalizations resulting from influenza-attributable illness. Influenza is also responsible for substantial indirect costs ($6.2 billion annually), mainly from lost productivity.^2^ __References__ #Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). ''2022-2023 Estimated Influenza Burden''. Retrieved from: [https://www.cdc.gov/flu-burden/php/data-vis/2022-2023.html] #Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). ''Workplace Health Promotion - Flu & Pneumonia''. Retrieved from: [https://www.cdc.gov/workplace-health-promotion/php/index.html]
  
• Numerator. Number of survey respondents who reported receiving an influenza vaccination in the past 12 months.
  Denominator. Number of survey respondents.
  
• Data Sources. Utah Department of Health and Human Services Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) [https://ibis.utah.gov/ibisph-view/query/selection/brfss/BRFSSSelection.html]
  Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System Survey Data, US Department of Health and Human Services Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC).
  
• Data Notes. These rates are crude rates, not age-adjusted, given that the Healthy People 2030 Objective is based on crude rates. U.S. data are the average for all states and the District of Columbia; they do not include the U.S. territories.
  
• Date Indicator Content Last Updated. 10/02/2024
  

Immunizations: pneumonia, adults

• Why Is It Important? Pneumococcal disease is caused by bacteria that can spread from person to person through close contact. It can cause ear infections, and it can also lead to more serious infections of the lungs (pneumonia), blood (bacteremia), and covering of the brain and spinal cord (meningitis). Anyone can get pneumococcal disease, but children under two years of age and adults aged 65 years and older, people with certain medical conditions, and cigarette smokers are at the highest risk. [[br]] Before there was a vaccine, the United States saw: *More than 700 cases of meningitis *About 13,000 blood infections *About 5 million ear infections *About 200 deaths Pneumococcal disease is common in young children, but older adults are at greatest risk of serious illness and death. Pneumococcal vaccines help protect against pneumococcal infections, including invasive disease^1^. [[br]] ====Pneumococcal Vaccines==== There are three pneumococcal vaccines that are recommended for use in the United States: *Pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV15/VAXNEUVANCE, PCV20/Prevnar 20) *Pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine (PPSV23/Pneumovax23)[[br]] [[br]] The pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (PCV15/VAXNEUVANCE, PCV20/Prevnar 20) are recommended for: *Children at 2, 4, 6, and 12 through 15 months old and up to 5 years for those who missed doses *Adults 65 years or older *Children 5 years or older with certain medical conditions *Adults aged 18 to 64 years with certain medical conditions [[br]] The pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine (PPSV23) is recommended for: *Children 2 through 18 years old with certain medical conditions *Adults who receive PCV15 *Adults who have received an earlier vaccine called PCV13^2^ [[br]] A 2006 study published in the medical journal Clinical Infectious Diseases found that hospital patients who received the pneumococcal vaccine were 40 to 70 percent less likely to die than unvaccinated patients. In the study, vaccinated patients had a lower risk of respiratory failure, kidney failure, heart attack, and other complications. Vaccinated patients in the study also spent an average of two fewer days in the hospital^3^.[[br]] [[br]] ---- 1. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). ''Pneumococcal Vaccination: Why Getting Vaccinated is important''. Retrieved from: [https://www.cdc.gov/pneumococcal/vaccines/index.html#cdc_vaccine_basics_get_vaccinated-why-getting-vaccinated-is-important] [[br]] 2. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). ''Pneumococcal Vaccination: What Everyone Should Know'' Retrieved from: [https://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/vpd/pneumo/public/index.html][[br]] 3. Vila-Crcoles, et al. Protective Effects of the 23-Valent Pneumococcal Polysaccharide Vaccine in the Elderly Population: The EVAN-65 Study. ''Clinical Infectious Diseases''. Retrieved from: [http://cid.oxfordjournals.org/content/43/7/860.full]
  
• Numerator. Number of survey respondents age 65+ who reported receiving a pneomococcal vaccine anytime during their life.
  Denominator. Number of survey respondents age 65+.
  
• Data Sources. Utah Department of Health and Human Services Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) [https://ibis.utah.gov/ibisph-view/query/selection/brfss/BRFSSSelection.html]
  Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System Survey Data, US Department of Health and Human Services Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC).
  
• Data Notes. *Use caution in interpreting; the estimate has a relative standard error greater than 30% and does not meet DHHS standards for reliability. Beginning in 2011, BRFSS data include both landline and cell phone respondent data along with a new weighting methodology called iterative proportional fitting, or raking. This methodology utilizes additional demographic information (such as education, race, and marital status) in the weighting procedure. Both of these methodology changes were implemented to account for an increased number of U.S. households without landline phones and an under-representation of certain demographic groups that were not well-represented in the sample. This graph is based on the new methodology. More details about these changes can be found at: [https://ibis.utah.gov/ibisph-view/pdf/opha/resource/brfss/RakingImpact2011.pdf]
  
• Date Indicator Content Last Updated. 10/02/2024
  

Blood Cholesterol Screening

• Why Is It Important? High blood cholesterol is a leading risk factor in the development of atherosclerosis and coronary heart disease (CHD). The risks associated with high blood cholesterol can be reduced by screening and early treatment, which includes medication and lifestyle changes. Lifestyle changes could include eating a diet low in saturated fat and cholesterol, engaging in moderate to vigorous exercise on a regular basis, and reducing excess weight. Because high blood cholesterol does not produce obvious symptoms, experts recommend that all adults aged 20 years and older have their cholesterol levels checked at least once every 5 years to help them take action to prevent or lower their risk of cardiovascular disease.
  
• Numerator. Number of BRFSS survey respondents aged 18 years and older who have had their cholesterol checked within the past 5 years.
  Denominator. Number of surveyed adults aged 18 years and older.
  
• Data Sources. Utah Department of Health and Human Services Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) [https://ibis.utah.gov/ibisph-view/query/selection/brfss/BRFSSSelection.html]
  
• Data Notes. Beginning in 2011, BRFSS data include both landline and cell phone respondent data along with a new weighting methodology called iterative proportional fitting, or raking. This methodology utilizes additional demographic information (such as education, race, and marital status) in the weighting procedure. Both of these methodology changes were implemented to account for an increased number of U.S. households without landline phones and an under-representation of certain demographic groups that were not well-represented in the sample. More details about these changes can be found at: [[a href="pdf/opha/resource/brfss/RakingImpact2011.pdf" https://ibis.utah.gov/ibisph-view/pdf/opha/resource/brfss/RakingImpact2011.pdf]].  [[br]][[br]]Age-adjusted to the U.S. 2000 standard population.
  
• Date Indicator Content Last Updated. 03/04/2024
  

Breast Cancer Screening (Mammography)

• Why Is It Important? Breast cancer is the most commonly occurring cancer in U.S. women (excluding skin cancers) and the leading cause of female cancer death in Utah. Deaths from breast cancer can be substantially reduced if the tumor is discovered at an early stage. Mammography is currently the best method for detecting cancer early. A mammogram is a noninvasive x-ray used to look for early signs of breast cancer. Clinical trials and observational studies have demonstrated that routine screening with mammography can reduce breast cancer mortality by roughly 20% for women of average risk.^1^ The American College of Radiology (ACR) and Society of Breast Imaging (SBI) recommend getting annual mammograms starting at age 40 for women of average risk, but earlier and more intensive screening for high-risk patients.^2^ Significant scientific evidence has demonstrated that this approach saves more lives than delayed or less frequent screening.^3^[[br]] [[br]] ---- 1. Myers ER, Moorman P, Gierisch JM, et al. Benefits and harms of breast cancer screening. JAMA. doi:10.1001/jama.2015.13183.[[br]] 2. D.L. Monticciolo et al. Breast cancer screening in women at higher-than-average risk: recommendations from the ACR. J Am Coll Radiol, 20 (9) (2023), pp. 902-914.[[br]] 3. American College of Radiology Committee on BI-RADS. Mammography Saves Lives. Available at: [https://www.acr.org/Practice-Management-Quality-Informatics/Practice-Toolkit/Patient-Resources/Mammography-Saves-Lives]. Accessed on January 1, 2023.
  
• Numerator. The number of women 40 years or older who reported having a mammogram in the last two years.
  Denominator. The total number of female survey respondents aged 40 or older excluding those who responded "don't know" or "refused" to the numerator question.
  
• Data Sources. Utah Department of Health and Human Services Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) [https://ibis.utah.gov/ibisph-view/query/selection/brfss/BRFSSSelection.html]
  
• Data Notes. Age-adjusted to the U.S. 2000 standard population.
  
• Date Indicator Content Last Updated. 03/26/2024
  

Cervical Cancer Screening (Pap)

• Why Is It Important? Cervical cancer is one of the most curable cancers if detected early through routine screening. Almost all cases of cervical cancer are caused by infection of high-risk types of the human papillomavirus (HPV). The HPV vaccine protects against the HPV types that most often cause cervical cancer. Women who have had an HPV vaccine still need to have routine Pap smears because the vaccine does not fully protect against all the strains of the virus and other risk factors that can cause cervical cancer. HPV is transmitted through sexual contact. Any woman who is sexually active is at risk for developing cervical cancer. Other risk factors include giving birth to many children, having sexual relations at an early age, having multiple sex partners or partners with many other partners, cigarette smoking, and use of oral contraceptives. The U.S. Preventive Services Task Force recommends cervical cancer screening (Pap smear) every 3 years for women 21 to 65 years old. For women 30 to 65 years old, Pap smears may be conducted every 5 years in conjunction with human papillomavirus (HPV) testing.
  
• Numerator. The proportion of women 18 years or older who reported having a Pap test in the last three years.
  Denominator. The total number of female survey respondents aged 18 or older excluding those who responded "don't know" or "refused" to the numerator question.
  
• Data Sources. Utah Department of Health and Human Services Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) [https://ibis.health.utah.gov/ibisph-view/query/selection/brfss/BRFSSSelection.html]
  
• Data Notes. Age-adjusted to U.S. 2000 population.
  
• Date Indicator Content Last Updated. 01/02/2024
  

Colorectal Cancer Screening

• Why Is It Important? Colorectal cancer is one of the leading causes of cancer-related deaths in the U.S. and Utah. Screening for this cancer is important as deaths can be substantially reduced when precancerous polyps are detected at early stages and removed. The chance of surviving colorectal cancer exceeds 90% when the cancer is diagnosed before it has extended beyond the intestinal wall ([http://www.cancer.org]). The U.S. Preventive Services Task Force recommends that routine screening for colorectal cancer begin at age 45 for adults at average risk. Persons at high risk may need to begin screening at a younger age. Routine screening can include either an annual fecal occult blood test (FOBT), a flexible sigmoidoscopy every five years, a colonoscopy every 10 years, or a double-contrast barium enema every 5 to 10 years.
  
• Numerator. The number of respondents ages 50-75 reported having recommended colorectal cancer screening (sigmoidoscopy or colonoscopy in the past 10 years or having an FOBT [fecal occult blood test] in the last year).
  Denominator. The total number of survey respondents aged 50-75 excluding those who answered "don't know" or "refused" to the numerator question.
  
• Data Sources. Utah Department of Health and Human Services Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) [https://ibis.utah.gov/ibisph-view/query/selection/brfss/BRFSSSelection.html]
  
• Date Indicator Content Last Updated. 03/26/2024
  

Prostate Cancer Screening

• Why Is It Important? Prostate cancer is the most commonly occurring form of cancer (excluding skin cancer) among men and is the second leading cause of cancer death for men in Utah and the U.S. All men over 40 should visit their doctor for a routine health visit which may include a discussion on prostate health.
  
• Numerator. The number of men aged 40 and above who reported having had a PSA test within the specified time period.
  Denominator. The total number of male survey respondents aged 40 or older excluding those who responded "don't know" or "refused" to the numerator question.
  
• Data Sources. Utah Department of Health and Human Services Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) [https://ibis.utah.gov/ibisph-view/query/selection/brfss/BRFSSSelection.html]
  
• Data Notes. Age-adjusted to the U.S. 2000 standard population.
  
• Date Indicator Content Last Updated. 04/22/2024
  

Utah Population Characteristics: Historical Population Estimates

• Why Is It Important? Public health is concerned with threats to health based on the analysis of health and related measures in populations. Knowing the numbers of people in a population is important to understand the need for public health and related services. These numbers are also needed for calculating rates of the many important measures of the public's health. Population estimates help in planning for future public health needs.
  
• Numerator. N/A
  Denominator. N/A
  
• Data Sources. For years 2020 and later, the population estimates are provided by the Kem C. Gardner Policy Institute, Utah state and county annual population estimates are by single year of age and sex, IBIS Version 2022
  
• Data Notes. All population estimates apply to July 1 of the selected year. 
  
• Date Indicator Content Last Updated. 12/07/2023
  

Utah Population Characteristics: Age Distribution of the Population

• Why Is It Important? People's age, sex, culture, and living and working conditions affect their health in important ways that must be considered in planning for the public health of the population. Having a large percentage of the population made up of young children emphasizes the importance of making available key preventive health measures (e.g. immunizations) and age-appropriate screenings to identify developmental delays at a time when treatment is most effective.
  
• Numerator. Number of persons in age group.
  Denominator. Total population size.
  
• Data Sources. For years 2020 and later, the population estimates are provided by the Kem C. Gardner Policy Institute, Utah state and county annual population estimates are by single year of age and sex, IBIS Version 2022
  U.S. Current Population Survey
  
• Date Indicator Content Last Updated. 12/08/2023
  

Utah Population Characteristics: Racial and Ethnic Composition of the Population

• Why Is It Important? Data show that racial and ethnic minority groups experience higher rates of illness and death across a wide range of health conditions, including hypertension, diabetes, obesity/overweight, asthma, and lower life expectancy at birth, when compared to the total Utah population overall (see [https://healthequity.utah.gov/wp-content/uploads/Health-Snapshots-2023_Final.pdf Health Snapshots 2023], DHHS Office of Health Equity). Social, economic, environmental, and/or geographic factors contribute to health disparities.^1^ Using data to identify gaps and the factors that contribute to them is critical to develop programs and prioritize resources to reduce health gaps for all Utahns. [[br]][[br]] ---- 1. [https://health.gov/healthypeople/priority-areas/health-equity-healthy-people-2030]
  
• Numerator. Number of persons in each racial/ethnic group in Utah.
  Denominator. Total number of persons in Utah in each geographic area for year(s) listed.
  
• Data Sources. American Community Survey
  
• Data Notes. Percentage of persons who reported they were "White alone, not Hispanic or Latino" persons.
  
• Date Indicator Content Last Updated. 04/29/2024
  

Birth rates

• Why Is It Important? Tracking birth rate patterns among Utah and U.S. women as a whole is critical to understanding population growth and change in this country and in Utah. Birth rates directly relate to a population's need for timely and appropriate preconception, prenatal, neonatal, and postpartum care.
  
• Numerator. Number of live births.
  Denominator. Number of persons in population.
  
• Data Sources. Utah Birth Certificate Database, Office of Vital Records and Statistics, Utah Department of Health and Human Services
  For years 2010 and later, the population estimates are provided by the Kem C. Gardner Policy Institute, Utah state and county annual population estimates are by single year of age and sex, IBIS Version 2023
  National Vital Statistics System, National Center for Health Statistics, U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
  
• Data Notes. U.S. final 2023 data
  
• Date Indicator Content Last Updated. 10/01/2024
  

General fertility rate

• Why Is It Important? The general fertility rate is a more precise measure of tracking birth rate patterns among Utah and U.S. women than is the crude birth rate. While the crude birth rate and the general fertility rate both look at the total number of live births among the population, the crude birth rate is calculated using the total population including the young, old, male, and female. The general fertility rate is calculated using only females of reproductive age - defined as ages 15 through 44 years - residing in Utah during a specified time period. This results in a more sensitive indicator with which to study population growth and change.
  
• Numerator. Number of live births.
  Denominator. Total number of women aged 15-44 years in the population.
  
• Data Sources. Utah Birth Certificate Database, Office of Vital Records and Statistics, Utah Department of Health and Human Services
  For years 2010 and later, the population estimates are provided by the Kem C. Gardner Policy Institute, Utah state and county annual population estimates are by single year of age and sex, IBIS Version 2023
  National Vital Statistics System, National Center for Health Statistics, U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
  
• Date Indicator Content Last Updated. 10/01/2024
  

Life expectancy at birth

• Why Is It Important? Life expectancy is a measure that is often used to gauge the overall health of a community. Life expectancy at birth measures health status across all age groups. Shifts in life expectancy are often used to describe trends in mortality. Being able to predict how populations will age has enormous implications for the planning and provision of services and support. Small increases in life expectancy translate into large increases in the population. As the life expectancy of a population lengthens, the number of people living with chronic illnesses tends to increase because chronic illnesses are more common among older persons.
  
• Numerator. n/a
  Denominator. n/a
  
• Data Sources. Utah Death Certificate Database, Office of Vital Records and Statistics, Utah Department of Health and Human Services
  For years 2010 and later, the population estimates are provided by the Kem C. Gardner Policy Institute, Utah state and county annual population estimates are by single year of age and sex, IBIS Version 2023
  National Center for Health Statistics
  
• Data Notes. The method developed by C.L. Chiang was used to compute life expectancy.  [[br]][[br]] U.S. 2022 estimate from [https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/databriefs/db492.pdf]
  
• Date Indicator Content Last Updated. 10/04/2024
  

Utah Population Characteristics: Household Structure

• Why Is It Important? The number of parents living with a child helps to determine the human and economic resources available to that child. Children who live with one parent are more likely to live in poverty than are children who grow up in households with two adults. Single parents also face specific challenges including lack of leisure time, increased need for child care, and stressed financial resources.
  
• Numerator. Number of households in each family type and presence of children group.
  Denominator. Total number of households.
  
• Data Sources. U.S. Bureau of the Census
  American Community Survey
  
• Data Notes. The confidence intervals are 90%.
  
• Date Indicator Content Last Updated. 01/05/2024
  

Utah Population Characteristics: Education Level in the Population

• Why Is It Important? Education level is strongly related to health status. It is too simplistic to say that more education causes better health; however, higher levels of education often result in higher family income, greater self-determination, an understanding of health and illness factors, improved mental health, and a higher level of social and family support. All of those factors can result in better health.
  
• Numerator. Number of persons in the educational attainment category and population age group.
  Denominator. Number of persons in the population age group.
  
• Data Sources. U.S. Bureau of the Census
  American Community Survey
  
• Data Notes. 2018-2022 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates Table S1501
  
• Date Indicator Content Last Updated. 12/29/2023
  

Utah Population Characteristics: Household Income

• Why Is It Important? Income is strongly related to health status. Low-income persons tend to have poorer health status, in part because they cannot always afford good healthcare. However, some people have low-income levels because chronic mental or physical illness limits their ability to complete educational goals and earn a good income.
  
• Numerator. Not applicable.
  Denominator. Not applicable.
  
• Data Sources. U.S. Census Bureau Small Area Income & Poverty Estimates, Model-based Estimates for States, Counties, & School Districts
  
• Data Notes. Values for multi-county local health districts consist of the weighted median of the county medians.[[br]] Upper and lower confidence intervals are calculated to 90%.[[br]] 2022 SAIPE estimates.
  
• Date Indicator Content Last Updated. 01/11/2024
  

Utah Population Characteristics: Income per Capita

• Why Is It Important? It is commonly known that per capita income is correlated with the level of healthcare spending and is a major factor in a community's standard of living. Per capita income measures both the overall economic health of the community and the financial resources of each household. At a time of burgeoning health costs, people's ability to meet out-of-pocket medical or dental expenses is of increasing national interest.
  
• Numerator. Aggregate income.
  Denominator. Total population count (every man, woman, and child in a particular group including those living in group quarters).
  
• Data Sources. American Community Survey
  
• Data Notes. Values are inflation-adjusted to report year. Upper and lower limits are calculated to 90% confidence intervals.  [[br]] 2018-2022 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates Table DP03
  
• Date Indicator Content Last Updated. 01/04/2024
  

Utah Population Characteristics: Poverty, All Persons

• Why Is It Important? Poverty takes into account both income and family size, and has both immediate and long-lasting effects on health. Income provides an assessment of the financial resources available to individual persons or families for basic necessities (e.g., food, clothing, and healthcare) to maintain or improve their well-being. Persons living in poverty are worse off than persons in more affluent households for many of the indicators tracked by the Utah Department of Health and Human Services.
  
• Numerator. Estimated number of persons living in households whose income is at or below the federal poverty threshold as defined by the U.S. Census Bureau.
  Denominator. Estimated number of persons in the population.
  
• Data Sources. U.S. Census Bureau Small Area Income & Poverty Estimates, Model-based Estimates for States, Counties, & School Districts
  
• Data Notes. Data for this graph are based on the 2022 Model-based Small Area Income & Poverty Estimates (SAIPE) for School Districts, Counties, and States. The poverty threshold for a family of four including two children was $29,678 in 2022. ([https://www.census.gov/data/tables/time-series/demo/income-poverty/historical-poverty-thresholds.html])
  
• Date Indicator Content Last Updated. 01/05/2024
  

Utah Population Characteristics: Poverty, Children Age 17 and Under

• Why Is It Important? Poverty takes into account both income and family size, and has both immediate and long-lasting effects on health. Income provides an assessment of the financial resources available to individual persons or families for basic necessities (e.g., food, clothing, and healthcare) to maintain or improve their well-being. Persons living in poverty are worse off than persons in more affluent households for many of the indicators tracked by the Utah Department of Health and Human Services. Poverty in the early years of a child's life, more than at any other time, has especially harmful effects on continuing healthy development and well-being, including developmental delays and infant mortality. Well-being in later childhood, such as teen pregnancy, substance abuse, and educational attainment, is also influenced by early childhood poverty.
  
• Numerator. Estimated number of children age 17 and younger living in households with income at or below the federal poverty threshold as defined by the U.S. Census Bureau.
  Denominator. Estimated number age 17 and younger in Utah.
  
• Data Sources. U.S. Census Bureau Small Area Income & Poverty Estimates, Model-based Estimates for States, Counties, & School Districts
  
• Data Notes. The poverty threshold for a family of four including two children was $29,678 in 2022.
  
• Date Indicator Content Last Updated. 01/09/2024
  

Disability prevalence

• Why Is It Important? One in every four adults in Utah and the United States has a disability.^1^ Disability is common, and yet, the disparities and needs of this community are often unrecognized and unfulfilled. Costly health events and chronic conditions such as, stroke, asthma, heart disease, diabetes, and cancer, are all more common for those with disabilities, and basic preventive services such as cancer screenings and dental checks are less common. Not only are people with disabilities more likely to experience significant differences in their health behaviors and health status than those without a disability, they are also more likely to experience social circumstances that put them at greater risk of having poor health outcomes, e.g. lower education, lower income, food insecurity, etc. It is important to understand that many of these differences and the size of these differences are avoidable, societally based, and not solely due to the nature of disability itself.^2^ As stated by Healthy People 2020, "To be healthy, all individuals with or without disabilities must have opportunities to take part in meaningful daily activities that add to their growth, development, fulfillment, and community contribution." This will require all public health programs, organizations, and communities to find ways to include people with disabilities in program activities and healthy communities. This can be achieved by utilizing the GRAIDs framework. A gap in the availability and accessibility of evidence-based programs led to the development of the [https://www.nchpad.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/NCHPAD_GRAIDs_2024.pdf Guidelines, Recommendations, Adaptations, Including Disability framework] (GRAIDs) by the National Centers on Health, Physical Activity and Disability (NCHPAD). The GRAIDs are an evidence-based method to adapt programs to be more inclusive of individuals with disabilities. The GRAIDs framework is applicable across programs, settings, sectors, and organizations. Applying the five GRAIDs domains will ensure accessibility and inclusion for individuals with disabilities in communities, programs, services, and organizations.[[br]] [[br]] ---- 1. Utah Department of Health and Human Services. Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS), Salt Lake City: Utah Department of Health, Center for Health Data.[[br]] 2. Krahn G.H., Walker D.K., Correa-De-Araujo R. Persons with disabilities as an unrecognized health disparity population. AJPH. 2015;105:S198?S206. [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4355692/].[[br]]
  
• Numerator. Includes survey respondents ages 18 and older who reported said "yes" to any of the the six questions on disabilities. Excludes those with missing, don't know, and refused answers.
  Denominator. Includes survey respondents ages 18 and older. Excludes those with missing, don't know, or refused answers.
  
• Data Sources. Utah Department of Health and Human Services Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) [https://ibis.utah.gov/ibisph-view/query/selection/brfss/BRFSSSelection.html]
  
• Data Notes. Disability status is self-reported and not confirmed by a health-care provider; however, such self-reports have been shown to be acceptable for surveillance purposes. For purposes of this report, "disability" is defined as someone who said "yes" to one or more of the following questions:[[br]] 1. Are you blind or do you have serious difficulty seeing, even when wearing glasses?[[br]] 2. Because of a physical, mental, or emotional condition, do you have serious difficulty concentrating, remembering, or making decisions?[[br]] 3. Do you have serious difficulty walking or climbing stairs?[[br]] 4. Do you have difficulty dressing or bathing?[[br]] 5. Because of a physical, mental, or emotional condition, do you have any difficulty doing errands alone such as visiting a doctor's office or shopping?[[br]] 6. Are you deaf or do you have serious difficulty hearing?  [[br]] [[br]]Age-adjusted to U.S. 2000 standard population.
  
• Date Indicator Content Last Updated. 10/01/2024