Complete Health Indicator Report of Child physical abuse, self-reported
Definition
Self-reported child physical abuse data is retrospective data collected from adults via the Utah BRFSS Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs) Module and youth via the Utah YRBS tier 2 ACEs and Positive Childhood Experiences (PCEs) questionnaire. Adult prevalence is looking retrospectively at their whole childhood (<18), while youth prevalence only looks back at the previous 12 months.Numerator
The number of youth or adults who indicated at least one instance of physical abuse on the YRBS (2021) or BRFSS (2013, 2016, 2018, 2020).Denominator
The total number of youth or adults who provided any response to the physical abuse question on the YRBS (2021) or BRFSS (2013, 2016, 2018, 2020).Data Interpretation Issues
BRFSS (Adults) Not including spanking, (before age 18), how often did a parent or adult in your home ever hit, beat, kick, or physically hurt you in any way? Would you say? (Possible answers: Never, Once, More than once) YRBS (Youth) During the past 12 months, how many times has a parent or other adult in your home hit, beat, kicked, or physically hurt you in any way? (Possible answers: 0, 1, 2 or 3, 4 or 5, or 6+ times) Response options from both surveys were dichotomized into whether or not physical abuse occurred at all. The responses are subjective, however, the subjective reality is what seems to matter when considering the potential for long-term negative impacts.Why Is This Important?
All types of child abuse represent a threat to public health. Child physical abuse is one of eight commonly tracked adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) and research into child abuse and neglect (CAN) and ACEs has consistently shown the potential for many negative long-term impacts on health, opportunity, and well-being. Tracking child abuse prevalence is a complicated task and some of the best data available are self-reported retrospective data which gives a more complete view of prevalence over child protective services or hospital data.Healthy People Objective: Reduce nonfatal child maltreatment
U.S. Target: 8.5 maltreatment victims per 1,000 childrenHow Do We Compare With the U.S.?
When comparing BRFSS data, the prevalence of physical child abuse in Utah is higher than nationally (21.4% or ~1 in 5 vs 17.9% or ~1 in 6). National prevalence comes from a 2018 Merrick, et al. study that included 2011-2014 BRFSS data from 23 states, while Utah prevalence is from the ACEs Module included in the Utah BRFSS in 2013, 2016, 2018, and 2020. Source: Merrick, M.T., Ford, D.C., Ports, K. A., Guinn, A. S. (2018). Prevalence of Adverse Childhood Experiences From the 2011-2014 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System in 23 States. JAMA Pediatrics, 172(11), 1038-1044.Evidence-based Practices
Promote safe stable nurturing relationships and environments for all children by: *Strengthen economic support for families *Strengthen social norms to connect with and support parents and youth *Enhance parenting skills to promote healthy child development *Promote quality care and education early in life *Intervene to lessen harm and prevent future riskGraphical Data Views
Self-reported child physical abuse prevalence (Utah YRBS/youth and age-adjusted BRFSS/adults) by sex and data source, Utah, 2021 (YRBS) and 2013, 2016, 2018, 2020 (BRFSS)
There was no significant difference in the prevalence of physical abuse between male and female adults looking back at their childhoods (~1 in 5). Female youth, however, indicated a significantly higher prevalence of physical abuse in the last 12 months than male youth (~1 in 8 vs ~1 in 11).
Males vs. Females | Adults/youth | Percentage | Lower Limit | Upper Limit | Note | Numer- ator | Denom- inator |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Record Count: 6 | |||||||
Male | Adults | 21.9 | 20.9 | 22.9 | 2,512 | ||
Male | Youth | 9.2 | 7.3 | 11.5 | 705 | ||
Female | Adults | 21.0 | 20.0 | 22.0 | 2,568 | ||
Female | Youth | 12.1 | 9.6 | 15.1 | significantly higher than male youth | 781 | |
Total | Adults | 21.4 | 20.7 | 22.1 | 5,084 | ||
Total | Youth | 10.6 | 9.2 | 12.3 | 1,497 |
Data Notes
Adult/BRFSS and youth/YRBS physical abuse data are each collected with different questions that include different time frames. The physical abuse question utilized in the YRBS has only been asked one time in 2021, while the BRFSS question has been asked in 2013, 2016, 2018, and 2020.Self-reported child physical abuse prevalence (YRBS/youth and BRFSS/adults) by grade/age-group, Utah, 2021 (YRBS) and 2013, 2016, 2018, 2020 (BRFSS)
11th-grade youth respondents indicated the highest prevalence of physical abuse in the last 12 months (~1 in 8), but there was no significant difference in prevalence by school grade. Adults 35-49 indicated a significantly higher prevalence of physical abuse during their childhood than the overall state adult prevalence (~1 in 4 vs ~1 in 5), while adults 65+ indicated a significantly lower prevalence than the overall state adult prevalence (~1 in 6 vs ~1 in 5).
Percentage | Lower Limit | Upper Limit | Note | Numer- ator | Denom- inator | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Record Count: 8 | ||||||
9th graders | 10.6 | 8.0 | 14.0 | 485 | ||
10th graders | 10.6 | 8.4 | 13.2 | 488 | ||
11th graders | 12.9 | 9.6 | 17.0 | 303 | ||
12th graders | 8.1 | 4.8 | 13.4 | 206 | ||
Ages 18-34 | 21.4 | 20.1 | 22.8 | 1,199 | ||
Ages 35-49 | 24.4 | 23.0 | 25.8 | significantly higher than the state adult prevalence | 1,437 | |
Ages 50-64 | 21.8 | 20.5 | 23.2 | 1,308 | ||
Ages 65+ | 15.5 | 14.4 | 16.6 | significantly lower than the state adult prevalence | 1,140 |
Data Notes
Adult/BRFSS and youth/YRBS physical abuse data are each collected with different questions that include different time frames. The physical abuse question utilized in the YRBS has only been asked one time in 2021, while the BRFSS question has been asked in 2013, 2016, 2018, and 2020.Self-reported child physical abuse prevalence (BRFSS, age-adjusted) by race/ethnicity, Utah, 2013, 2016, 2018, 2020
Adults who indicated American Indian/Alaska Native (non-Hispanic) or Hispanic/Latino had a significantly higher prevalence of physical abuse during their childhood than all races and ethnicities together (~1 in 3 and 1 in 4 vs ~1 in 5), while White (non-Hispanic) adults had a significantly lower prevalence (both ~1 in 5).
Race/Ethnicity Group | Percentage | Lower Limit | Upper Limit | Note | Numer- ator | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Record Count: 9 | ||||||
Hispanic/Latino | 27.9 | 25.3 | 30.7 | significantly higher than the state prevalence | 504 | |
Two or more races | 24.7 | 17.7 | 33.3 | 52 | ||
American Indian/Alaska Native, non-Hispanic/Latino | 33.7 | 26.5 | 41.8 | significantly higher than the state prevalence | 80 | |
Asian, non-Hispanic/Latino | 18.7 | 13.7 | 32.2 | 28 | ||
Black/African American, non-Hispanic/Latino | 23.2 | 15.6 | 33.1 | 42 | ||
Native Hawaiian/Pacific Islander, non-Hispanic/Latino | 21.5 | 13.7 | 32.2 | 28 | ||
White, non-Hispanic/Latino | 20.2 | 19.4 | 20.9 | significantly lower than the state prevalence | 4,272 | |
Unknown | 25.9 | 19.1 | 34.2 | 53 | ||
All races/ethnicities | 21.4 | 20.7 | 22.1 | 5,084 |
Data Notes
Analysis by race and ethnicity only utilizes age-adjusted adult data collected in the 2013, 2016, 2018, and 2020 BRFSS and not youth/YRBS data.Self-reported child physical abuse prevalence (BRFSS, age-adjusted) by sexual orientation, Utah, 2013, 2016, 2018, 2020
Adults who indicated a sexual orientation other than heterosexual (homosexual, bisexual, or other) had a significantly higher prevalence of physical abuse during their childhood than the overall state prevalence (~1 in 3 vs ~1 in 5).
Percentage | Lower Limit | Upper Limit | Note | Numer- ator | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Record Count: 2 | ||||||
Heterosexual | 20.7 | 20.0 | 21.4 | 4,635 | ||
Other | 32.5 | 28.9 | 36.3 | significantly higher than the state prevalence | 375 |
Data Notes
Analysis by sexual orientation only utilizes age-adjusted adult data collected in the 2013, 2016, 2018, and 2020 BRFSS and not youth/YRBS data.Self-reported child physical abuse prevalence (BRFSS, age-adjusted) by disability type, Utah, 2013, 2016, 2018, 2020
Adults who indicated any type of disability (cognitive, mobility, self-care, independent living, difficulty seeing/blind, or difficulty hearing/deaf) all had a significantly higher prevalence of physical abuse during their childhood than adults with no disability, and significantly higher than the overall state prevalence (all ~1 in 3 vs ~1 in 5).
Disability Type | Percentage | Lower Limit | Upper Limit | Note | Numer- ator | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Record Count: 7 | ||||||
Cognitive disability | 37.8 | 35.2 | 40.4 | significantly higher than the state prevalence | 902 | |
Mobility disability | 34.9 | 31.1 | 38.9 | significantly higher than the state prevalence | 821 | |
Self-care disability | 35.2 | 29.4 | 41.5 | significantly higher than the state prevalence | 229 | |
Independent living disability | 39.2 | 35.4 | 43.1 | significantly higher than the state prevalence | 485 | |
Difficulty seeing or blind | 34.0 | 29.2 | 39.3 | significantly higher than the state prevalence | 278 | |
Difficulty hearing or deaf | 34.8 | 29.3 | 40.8 | significantly higher than the state prevalence | 375 | |
No disability | 19.0 | 18.2 | 19.8 | 5,084 |
Data Notes
Analysis by disability type only utilizes age-adjusted adult data collected in the 2013, 2016, 2018, and 2020 BRFSS and not youth/YRBS data.Self-reported child physical abuse prevalence (BRFSS, age-adjusted) by education, Utah, 2013, 2016, 2018, 2020
Adults with an education level less than a high school or high school/G.E.D. indicated a significantly higher prevalence of physical abuse during their childhood than the overall state adult prevalence (~1 in 4 vs ~1 in 5), while adult college graduates indicated a significantly lower prevalence than the overall state prevalence (~1 in 6 vs ~1 in 5).
Education Level | Percentage | Lower Limit | Upper Limit | Note | Numer- ator | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Record Count: 5 | ||||||
Less than high school | 29.1 | 25.8 | 32.6 | significantly higher than the state prevalence | 302 | |
H.S. grad or G.E.D. | 23.5 | 22.1 | 24.9 | significantly higher than the state prevalence | 1,331 | |
Some post high school | 21.5 | 20.4 | 22.7 | 1,767 | ||
College graduate | 17.6 | 16.5 | 18.8 | significantly lower than the state prevalence | 1,676 | |
Total | 21.4 | 20.7 | 22.1 | 5,084 |
Data Notes
Analysis by education only utilizes age-adjusted adult data collected in the 2013, 2016, 2018, and 2020 BRFSS and not youth/YRBS data.Self-reported child physical abuse prevalence (BRFSS, age-adjusted) by income, Utah, 2013, 2016, 2018, 2020
Adults who indicated a household income of <$25,000 a year or $25,000-$49,999 had a significantly higher prevalence of physical abuse during their childhood than the overall state prevalence (~1 in 4 vs ~1 in 5), while adults with household incomes of $75,000+ indicated a significantly lower prevalence than the overall state prevalence (both ~1 in 5).
Income Category | Percentage | Lower Limit | Upper Limit | Note | Numer- ator | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Record Count: 5 | ||||||
<$25,000 | 28.3 | 26.2 | 30.5 | significantly higher than the state prevalence | 934 | |
$25,000-$49,999 | 23.1 | 21.5 | 24.9 | significantly higher than the state prevalence | 1,044 | |
$50,000-$74,999 | 21.6 | 19.9 | 23.4 | 833 | ||
$75,000+ | 18.6 | 17.6 | 19.7 | significantly lower than the state prevalence | 1,657 | |
Total | 21.4 | 20.7 | 22.1 | 5,084 |
Data Notes
Analysis by income only utilizes age-adjusted adult data collected in the 2013, 2016, 2018, and 2020 BRFSS and not youth/YRBS data.Self-reported child physical abuse prevalence (BRFSS, age-adjusted) by local health district, Utah, 2013, 2016, 2018, 2020
Adults in Salt Lake County, Tooele County, and Weber-Morgan had a significantly higher prevalence of physical abuse during their childhood than the overall state prevalence (~1 in 4 vs ~1 in 5). Adults in Bear River, Central Utah, Summit County, Wasatch County, and San Juan County had a significantly lower prevalence than the state (~1 in 5-7 vs ~1 in 5).
Local Health District | Percentage | Lower Limit | Upper Limit | Note | Numer- ator | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Record Count: 14 | ||||||
Bear River | 18.6 | 16.2 | 21.2 | significantly lower than the state prevalence | 265 | |
Central | 17.6 | 14.4 | 21.2 | significantly lower than the state prevalence | 243 | |
Davis County | 19.8 | 17.9 | 21.9 | 468 | ||
Salt Lake County | 23.3 | 22.1 | 24.7 | significantly higher than the state prevalence | 1,564 | |
San Juan | 14.2 | 9.7 | 20.3 | significantly lower than the state prevalence | 57 | |
Southeast | 20.2 | 16.4 | 24.6 | 173 | ||
Southwest | 20.3 | 18.0 | 23.0 | 324 | ||
Summit | 14.6 | 11.5 | 18.4 | significantly lower than the state prevalence | 96 | |
Tooele | 25.7 | 22.0 | 29.8 | significantly higher than the state prevalence | 264 | |
TriCounty | 19.0 | 16.2 | 22.2 | 269 | ||
Utah County | 20.0 | 18.5 | 21.7 | 738 | ||
Wasatch | 14.8 | 11.3 | 19.2 | significantly lower than the state prevalence | 104 | |
Weber-Morgan | 23.8 | 21.6 | 26.2 | significantly higher than the state prevalence | 470 | |
State of Utah | 21.4 | 20.7 | 22.1 | 5,084 |
Data Notes
Analysis by geography only utilizes age-adjusted adult data collected in the 2013, 2016, 2018, and 2020 BRFSS and not youth/YRBS data.Self-reported child physical abuse prevalence (BRFSS, age-adjusted) by small area, Utah, 2013, 2016, 2018, 2020
Adults in the Utah Small Areas of Ogden (Downtown), Riverdale, Layton/South Weber, West Valley (East) V22, Salt Lake City (Downtown) V2, South Salt Lake, Kearns V2, Taylorsville (West), Sandy (West), Tooele County (Other), and Orem (North) had a significantly higher prevalence of physical abuse during their childhood than the overall state prevalence (~1 in 3-4 vs ~1 in 5). Adults in the Utah Small Areas of North Logan, Hyrum, Weber County (East), Kaysville/Fruit Heights, Woods Cross/West Bountiful, American Fork, Orem (West), Spanish Fork, Mapleton, Summit County (East), Wasatch County, Nephi/Mona, Delta/Fillmore, Blanding/Monticello, and Hurricane/La Verkin had a significantly lower prevalence of physical abuse during their childhood than the overall state prevalence (~1 in 7-11 vs ~1 in 5).
Utah Small Areas | Percentage | Lower Limit | Upper Limit | Note | Numer- ator | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Record Count: 100 | ||||||
Brigham City | 24.8 | 18.5 | 32.3 | 43 | ||
Box Elder Co (Other) V2 | 22.6 | 14.5 | 33.5 | 23 | ||
Tremonton | 16.2 | 9.7 | 25.8 | 19 | ||
Logan V2 | 19.9 | 15.7 | 25.0 | 85 | ||
North Logan | 11.6 | 7.0 | 18.6 | significantly lower than the state prevalence | 27 | |
Cache (Other)/Rich (All) V2 | 16.2 | 10.8 | 23.5 | 36 | ||
Hyrum | 10.2 | 4.6 | 20.9 | significantly lower than the state prevalence, *interpret w/caution | 6 | |
Smithfield | 18.6 | 11.3 | 29.0 | 17 | ||
Ben Lomond | 23.9 | 19.6 | 28.9 | 108 | ||
Weber County (East) | 12.5 | 9.2 | 16.8 | significantly lower than the state prevalence | 54 | |
Morgan County | 14.7 | 8.4 | 24.3 | 15 | ||
Ogden (Downtown) | 28.6 | 22.7 | 35.3 | significantly higher than the state prevalence | 78 | |
South Ogden | 24.9 | 19.1 | 31.8 | 71 | ||
Roy/Hooper | 26.3 | 21.2 | 32.1 | 81 | ||
Riverdale | 29.4 | 22.1 | 37.8 | significantly higher than the state prevalence | 56 | |
Clearfield Area/Hooper | 19.7 | 15.5 | 24.7 | 77 | ||
Layton/South Weber | 25.8 | 21.8 | 30.4 | significantly higher than the state prevalence | 145 | |
Kaysville/Fruit Heights | 15.3 | 11.1 | 20.6 | significantly lower than the state prevalence | 50 | |
Syracuse | 17.6 | 12.1 | 24.9 | 36 | ||
Centerville | 25.6 | 16.7 | 37.0 | 24 | ||
Farmington | 17.5 | 10.1 | 28.7 | 22 | ||
North Salt Lake | 14.7 | 9.1 | 22.7 | 19 | ||
Woods Cross/West Bountiful | 12.4 | 7.5 | 20.0 | significantly lower than the state prevalence | 17 | |
Bountiful | 17.9 | 13.7 | 23.0 | 68 | ||
SLC (Rose Park) | 27.5 | 20.8 | 35.5 | 50 | ||
SLC (Avenues) | 15.8 | 10.3 | 23.5 | 28 | ||
SLC (Foothill/East Bench) | 17.5 | 10.8 | 27.0 | 26 | ||
Magna | 25.8 | 18.1 | 35.4 | 34 | ||
SLC (Glendale) V2 | 19.8 | 12.8 | 29.2 | 23 | ||
West Valley (Center) | 20.5 | 15.4 | 26.7 | 62 | ||
West Valley (West) V2 | 17.1 | 11.5 | 24.7 | 31 | ||
West Valley (East) V2 | 32.1 | 25.4 | 39.7 | significantly higher than the state prevalence | 85 | |
SLC (Downtown) V2 | 29.1 | 22.2 | 37.1 | significantly higher than the state prevalence | 66 | |
SLC (Southeast Liberty) | 22.0 | 15.4 | 30.6 | 38 | ||
South Salt Lake | 32.6 | 24.5 | 41.9 | significantly higher than the state prevalence | 55 | |
SLC (Sugar House) | 25.3 | 18.4 | 33.8 | 53 | ||
Millcreek (South) | 15.1 | 9.0 | 24.2 | 25 | ||
Millcreek (East) | 19.0 | 11.9 | 29.0 | 32 | ||
Holladay V2 | 21.5 | 14.1 | 31.3 | 30 | ||
Cottonwood | 17.5 | 12.6 | 23.8 | 53 | ||
Kearns V2 | 30.8 | 24.0 | 38.5 | significantly higher than the state prevalence | 71 | |
Taylorsville (E)/Murray (W) | 24.2 | 17.4 | 32.5 | 50 | ||
Taylorsville (West) | 36.4 | 28.5 | 45.1 | significantly higher than the state prevalence | 73 | |
Murray | 27.1 | 20.4 | 35.0 | 60 | ||
Midvale | 25.5 | 18.4 | 34.3 | 41 | ||
West Jordan (Northeast) V2 | 25.3 | 18.4 | 33.6 | 47 | ||
West Jordan (Southeast) | 21.7 | 15.8 | 29.1 | 48 | ||
West Jordan (W)/Copperton | 18.6 | 13.6 | 24.9 | 48 | ||
South Jordan V2 | 16.8 | 12.2 | 22.6 | 47 | ||
Daybreak | 24.5 | 16.3 | 35.2 | 29 | ||
Sandy (West) | 30.1 | 22.5 | 39.0 | significantly higher than the state prevalence | 49 | |
Sandy (Center) V2 | 20.9 | 14.6 | 29.1 | 36 | ||
Sandy (Northeast) | 13.6 | 8.3 | 21.7 | 22 | ||
Sandy (Southeast) | 21.0 | 14.6 | 29.3 | 39 | ||
Draper | 15.9 | 11.2 | 22.1 | 41 | ||
Riverton/Bluffdale | 23.8 | 17.1 | 31.9 | 56 | ||
Herriman | 21.3 | 16.1 | 27.6 | 59 | ||
Tooele County (Other) | 36.6 | 27.2 | 47.1 | significantly higher than the state prevalence | 66 | |
Tooele Valley | 22.7 | 19.1 | 26.8 | 192 | ||
Eagle Mountain/Cedar Valley | 24.8 | 16.6 | 35.3 | 30 | ||
Lehi | 18.9 | 14.6 | 24.1 | 70 | ||
Saratoga Springs | 18.1 | 11.9 | 26.7 | 27 | ||
American Fork | 15.0 | 10.7 | 20.7 | significantly lower than the state prevalence | 52 | |
Alpine | 11.0 | 5.2 | 21.6 | *interpret w/caution | 11 | |
Pleasant Grove/Lindon | 22.8 | 17.6 | 29.1 | 69 | ||
Orem (North) | 29.5 | 23.2 | 36.7 | significantly higher than the state prevalence | 63 | |
Orem (West) | 11.3 | 7.6 | 16.6 | significantly lower than the state prevalence | 32 | |
Orem (East) | 18.2 | 11.9 | 26.9 | 34 | ||
Provo/BYU | 19.4 | 13.9 | 26.5 | 44 | ||
Provo (West City Center) | 25.5 | 18.6 | 33.9 | 51 | ||
Provo (East City Center) | 18.3 | 11.1 | 28.7 | 26 | ||
Salem City | 23.6 | 15.0 | 35.2 | 21 | ||
Spanish Fork | 15.3 | 10.9 | 21.0 | significantly lower than the state prevalence | 44 | |
Springville | 23.0 | 16.7 | 30.8 | 49 | ||
Mapleton | 12.3 | 6.9 | 21.1 | significantly lower than the state prevalence | 15 | |
Utah County (South) V2 | 29.2 | 19.5 | 41.4 | 21 | ||
Payson | 21.3 | 15.1 | 29.2 | 44 | ||
Park City | 16.2 | 11.8 | 22.0 | 53 | ||
Summit County (East) | 12.8 | 8.9 | 18.2 | significantly lower than the state prevalence | 39 | |
Wasatch County | 14.8 | 11.3 | 19.2 | significantly lower than the state prevalence | 104 | |
Daggett and Uintah County | 18.5 | 15.0 | 22.5 | 169 | ||
Duchesne County | 19.7 | 15.5 | 24.8 | 100 | ||
Nephi/Mona | 12.1 | 7.1 | 20.0 | significantly lower than the state prevalence | 21 | |
Delta/Fillmore | 13.3 | 8.3 | 20.9 | significantly lower than the state prevalence | 30 | |
Sanpete Valley | 18.1 | 13.5 | 24.0 | 69 | ||
Central (Other) | 18.9 | 12.9 | 26.9 | 74 | ||
Richfield/Monroe/Salina | 18.3 | 12.8 | 25.4 | 41 | ||
Carbon County | 23.3 | 17.5 | 30.4 | 88 | ||
Emery County | 16.9 | 12.3 | 22.8 | 56 | ||
Grand County | 18.1 | 10.8 | 28.9 | 29 | ||
Blanding/Monticello | 9.5 | 6.0 | 14.7 | significantly lower than the state prevalence | 35 | |
San Juan County (Other) | 20.7 | 11.9 | 33.5 | 21 | ||
St. George | 22.5 | 18.3 | 27.3 | 114 | ||
Washington Co (Other) V2 | 16.1 | 9.4 | 26.2 | 18 | ||
Washington City | 20.6 | 13.4 | 30.4 | 27 | ||
Hurricane/La Verkin | 13.3 | 8.2 | 20.9 | significantly lower than the state prevalence | 19 | |
Ivins/Santa Clara | 19.0 | 11.5 | 29.9 | 19 | ||
Cedar City | 19.4 | 14.6 | 25.2 | 60 | ||
Southwest LHD (Other) | 22.9 | 16.5 | 31.0 | 57 | ||
State of Utah | 21.4 | 20.7 | 22.1 | 5,084 |
Data Notes
Analysis by geography only utilizes age-adjusted adult data collected in the 2013, 2016, 2018, and 2020 BRFSS and not youth/YRBS data.More Resources and Links
Evidence-based community health improvement ideas and interventions may be found at the following sites:Additional indicator data by state and county may be found on these Websites:
- CDC Prevention Status Reports for all 50 states
- County Health Rankings
- Kaiser Family Foundation's StateHealthFacts.org
- CDC WONDER DATA2010, the Healthy People 2010 Database.
Medical literature can be queried at the PubMed website.
Page Content Updated On 10/07/2022,
Published on 06/15/2023