Health Indicator Report of Immunizations: pneumonia, adults
Pneumococcal disease is caused by bacteria that can spread from person to person through close contact. It can cause ear infections, and it can also lead to more serious infections of the lungs (pneumonia), blood (bacteremia), and covering of the brain and spinal cord (meningitis).
Anyone can get pneumococcal disease, but children under two years of age and adults aged 65 years and older, people with certain medical conditions, and cigarette smokers are at the highest risk.
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Before there was a vaccine, the United States saw:
*More than 700 cases of meningitis
*About 13,000 blood infections
*About 5 million ear infections
*About 200 deaths
Pneumococcal disease is common in young children, but older adults are at greatest risk of serious illness and death. Pneumococcal vaccines help protect against pneumococcal infections, including invasive disease^1^.
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====Pneumococcal Vaccines====
There are three pneumococcal vaccines that are recommended for use in the United States:
*Pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV15/VAXNEUVANCE, PCV20/Prevnar 20)
*Pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine (PPSV23/Pneumovax23)[[br]]
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The pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (PCV15/VAXNEUVANCE, PCV20/Prevnar 20) are recommended for:
*Children at 2, 4, 6, and 12 through 15 months old and up to 5 years for those who missed doses
*Adults 65 years or older
*Children 5 years or older with certain medical conditions
*Adults aged 18 to 64 years with certain medical conditions
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The pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine (PPSV23) is recommended for:
*Children 2 through 18 years old with certain medical conditions
*Adults who receive PCV15
*Adults who have received an earlier vaccine called PCV13^2^
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A 2006 study published in the medical journal Clinical Infectious Diseases found that hospital patients who received the pneumococcal vaccine were 40 to 70 percent less likely to die than unvaccinated patients. In the study, vaccinated patients had a lower risk of respiratory failure, kidney failure, heart attack, and other complications. Vaccinated patients in the study also spent an average of two fewer days in the hospital^3^.[[br]]
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1. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). ''Pneumococcal Vaccination: Why Getting Vaccinated is important''. Retrieved from: [https://www.cdc.gov/pneumococcal/vaccines/index.html#cdc_vaccine_basics_get_vaccinated-why-getting-vaccinated-is-important]
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2. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). ''Pneumococcal Vaccination: What Everyone Should Know'' Retrieved from: [https://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/vpd/pneumo/public/index.html][[br]]
3. Vila-Crcoles, et al. Protective Effects of the 23-Valent Pneumococcal Polysaccharide Vaccine in the Elderly Population: The EVAN-65 Study. ''Clinical Infectious Diseases''. Retrieved from: [http://cid.oxfordjournals.org/content/43/7/860.full]
Notes
Beginning in 2011, BRFSS data include both landline and cell phone respondent data along with a new weighting methodology called iterative proportional fitting, or raking. This methodology utilizes additional demographic information (such as education, race, and marital status) in the weighting procedure. Both of these methodology changes were implemented to account for an increased number of U.S. households without landline phones and an under-representation of certain demographic groups that were not well-represented in the sample. More details about these changes can be found at: [https://ibis.utah.gov/ibisph-view/pdf/opha/resource/brfss/RakingImpact2011.pdf]Data Sources
- Utah Department of Health and Human Services Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) [https://ibis.utah.gov/ibisph-view/query/selection/brfss/BRFSSSelection.html]
- Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System Survey Data, US Department of Health and Human Services Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC).
Definition
Percentage of adults 65+ who reported receiving a pneumococcal vaccination at any point in their lifetime.Numerator
Number of survey respondents age 65+ who reported receiving a pneomococcal vaccine anytime during their life.Denominator
Number of survey respondents age 65+.Other Objectives
[[br]] ===Healthy People 2030 related objectives:=== IID-D03: Increase the proportion of adults age 19 years or older who get recommended vaccines[[br]]How Are We Doing?
Lifetime pneumococcal vaccination rates for Utah adults 65+ have significantly improved since 1997 when data were first collected on the BRFSS. The 2001 rate was 67.3% and by 2020 the rate had increased to 74.5%. However, due to a change in the BRFSS methodology in 2011, it is not possible to know if this is a significant change. Rates have remained above 70% since 2015.How Do We Compare With the U.S.?
In 2023, the pneumococcal vaccination rate for adults age 65+ in the United States was 70.2%, while the Utah rate was 72.0%.Available Services
The Utah Immunization Program continues to administer the Vaccines for Adults (Utah-VFA) which provides the following vaccines for uninsured adults who are at risk for contracting hepatitis B: *Hepatitis A & B vaccine *Human Papillomavirus vaccine *Pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine *Tetanus, diphtheria & pertussis vaccine [[br]] [[br]] Adults at high risk for contracting Hepatitis B may be able to access PPSV vaccine through this program.
Page Content Updated On 10/02/2024,
Published on 10/07/2024
