Skip directly to searchSkip directly to the site navigationSkip directly to the page's main content

Complete Health Indicator Report of Breast Cancer Screening (Mammography)

Definition

The proportion of women 40 years or older who reported having a mammogram in the last two years.

Numerator

The number of women 40 years or older who reported having a mammogram in the last two years.

Denominator

The total number of female survey respondents aged 40 or older excluding those who responded "don't know" or "refused" to the numerator question.

Data Interpretation Issues

In 2016, age distribution was changed from 8 groupings to 5 groupings; this may affect the interpretation of data trends.

Why Is This Important?

Breast cancer is the most commonly occurring cancer in U.S. women (excluding skin cancers) and the leading cause of female cancer death in Utah. Deaths from breast cancer can be substantially reduced if the tumor is discovered at an early stage. Mammography is currently the best method for detecting cancer early. A mammogram is a noninvasive x-ray used to look for early signs of breast cancer. Clinical trials and observational studies have demonstrated that routine screening with mammography can reduce breast cancer mortality by roughly 20% for women of average risk.^1^ The American College of Radiology (ACR) and Society of Breast Imaging (SBI) recommend getting annual mammograms starting at age 40 for women of average risk, but earlier and more intensive screening for high-risk patients.^2^ Significant scientific evidence has demonstrated that this approach saves more lives than delayed or less frequent screening.^3^[[br]] [[br]] ---- 1. Myers ER, Moorman P, Gierisch JM, et al. Benefits and harms of breast cancer screening. JAMA. doi:10.1001/jama.2015.13183.[[br]] 2. D.L. Monticciolo et al. Breast cancer screening in women at higher-than-average risk: recommendations from the ACR. J Am Coll Radiol, 20 (9) (2023), pp. 902-914.[[br]] 3. American College of Radiology Committee on BI-RADS. Mammography Saves Lives. Available at: [https://www.acr.org/Practice-Management-Quality-Informatics/Practice-Toolkit/Patient-Resources/Mammography-Saves-Lives]. Accessed on January 1, 2023.

Other Objectives

CSTE Chronic Disease Indicators

How Are We Doing?

Between 1989 and 2022, the percentage of Utah women aged 40 or older who reported receiving a mammogram within the last two years increased from 51.6% to 63.8%. Although rates have increased some over time, the rate in Utah still falls far below the national average. In 2022, the mammography screening rate in Utah was significantly lower than the U.S. rate of 68.2%. Utah is ranked 44th in the nation for mammography screening. In 2022, the percentage of women who received a mammogram in TriCounty Local Health District (52.7%) was statistically significantly lower than the state average (63.8%). Conversely, the screening rate in Summit County Local Health District (78.4%) was significantly higher than the overall rate in Utah. See additional data views for more specific geographic differences between the Utah Small Areas. For the same year, there were no significant differences in mammography screening rates between Hispanic and non-Hispanic ethnic groups, nor were there any significant differences in rates among different racial groups for combined data years 2018, 2019, 2020, and 2022. Mammography rates generally tend to increase with age, education level, and amount of household income increases. In 2020 and 2022 combined, women age 40-49 had significantly lower rates of mammography screening (52.4%) than older women (69.3%; most likely due to differing guidelines concerning the age at which breast cancer screening should begin). Looking at the level of education completed for the same time period, college graduates were significantly more likely to have received a mammogram (67.8%) than the general population (63.3%), whereas the screening rate among women who had not completed high school was significantly lower than the state average at just 53.4%. In the same timeframe, women in households with an annual income of less than $25,000 were significantly less likely to have had a mammogram in the past two years (50.9%) compared to other women, whereas women in households with an annual income of more than $75,000 were more likely to have had a mammogram in the past two years (68.4%).

How Do We Compare With the U.S.?

Nationally, the percentage of women aged 40 or older who reported receiving a mammogram in the past two years increased from 55.2% in 1989 to 68.2% in 2022. Since 1994, the mammography screening rate in Utah has consistently fallen below the U.S. rate. In 2022, only 63.8% of Utah women aged 40 and older had received a mammogram in the last two years compared with 68.2% of U.S. women. Utah is ranked 44th in the nation for mammography screening.

What Is Being Done?

The Utah Breast & Cervical Cancer Program (Utah B&C) partners with local health departments, community clinics, hospitals, and healthcare professionals to help those with low incomes who do not have adequate insurance gain access to timely breast and cervical cancer screening, diagnostic and treatment services. Eligible women can apply to Utah B&C by calling 800-717-1811 or by submitting an online enrollment form available at: [https://cancerutah.org/do-i-qualify/]. The Utah Cancer Coalition is a statewide partnership whose goal is to reduce the burden of cancer. The mission of the coalition is to lower cancer incidence and mortality in Utah through collaborative efforts directed toward cancer prevention and control. As a result of this planning process, objectives and strategies have been developed by community partners regarding the early detection of cervical, testicular, prostate, skin, breast, and colorectal cancers as well as the promotion of physical activity, healthy eating habits, and smoking cessation.

Available Services

The Utah Breast & Cervical Cancer Program (Utah B&C) partners with local health departments, community clinics, hospitals, and healthcare professionals to help those with low incomes who do not have adequate insurance gain access to timely breast and cervical cancer screening, diagnostic and treatment services. Eligible women can apply to Utah B&C by calling 800-717-1811 or by submitting an online enrollment form available at: [https://cancerutah.org/do-i-qualify/].

Health Program Information

In 1980, the Utah Department of Health and Human Services began providing clinical breast exams and a sliding fee scale. In 1993, state funding was appropriated for mammography. That same year, the Utah Breast and Cervical Cancer Program (Utah B&C) first received a capacity-building grant from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) to conduct breast and cervical cancer screening in Utah. A comprehensive grant was awarded to the program in 1994 to continue breast and cervical cancer screening. Since 1994, Utah B&C and partners, including local health departments, mammography facilities, pathology laboratories, and private providers, have worked together to ensure the appropriate and timely provision of clinical services. Utah B&C continues to receive funding from the CDC for breast and cervical cancer screening.


Related Indicators

Relevant Population Characteristics

Routine screening for breast cancer with mammography has been identified as a priority issue for women 40 years of age or older by several health organizations.

Related Relevant Population Characteristics Indicators:


Health Care System Factors

According to data collected by the Utah Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, use of mammography is lower among women without health insurance compared to women with health insurance. Mammography is a preventive service covered by Medicare.

Related Health Care System Factors Indicators:


Risk Factors

The most important risk factor for breast cancer is increasing age. Other established risk factors include personal or family history of breast cancer, history of abnormal breast biopsy, genetic alterations, early age at onset of menses, late age at onset of menopause, never having children or having a first live birth at age 30 or older, and history of exposure to high dose radiation. Associations have also been suggested between breast cancer and oral contraceptives, long-term use of hormone replacement therapy, obesity (in post-menopausal women), alcohol, and a diet high in fat. Some studies suggest that exercise in youth might give life-long protection against breast cancer and that even moderate physical activity as an adult could lower breast cancer risk. More research is needed to confirm these findings.

Related Risk Factors Indicators:


Health Status Outcomes

Routine screening with mammography is an important tool in the early detection of breast cancer and early detection can save lives.

Related Health Status Outcomes Indicators:




Graphical Data Views

Mammogram Within the Past Two Years, Utah and U.S., 1989-2022

::chart - missing::
confidence limits

BRFSS Utah vs. U.S.YearAge-adjusted Percentage of Women Age 40+Lower LimitUpper Limit
Record Count: 50
UT Old Methodology198951.6%46.6%56.5%
UT Old Methodology199054.8%50.0%59.5%
UT Old Methodology199157.9%53.1%62.8%
UT Old Methodology199264.0%59.7%68.3%
UT Old Methodology199361.6%56.9%66.2%
UT Old Methodology199467.4%62.7%72.0%
UT Old Methodology199563.1%58.9%67.3%
UT Old Methodology199664.4%60.7%68.2%
UT Old Methodology199765.0%60.7%69.3%
UT Old Methodology199865.7%61.3%70.1%
UT Old Methodology199967.3%63.3%71.3%
UT Old Methodology200072.6%68.9%76.3%
UT Old Methodology200268.8%65.5%72.0%
UT Old Methodology200466.4%63.7%69.1%
UT Old Methodology200667.8%65.3%70.2%
UT Old Methodology200867.2%64.5%69.8%
UT Old Methodology201066.4%64.5%68.2%
US Old Methodology198955.2%54.1%56.3%
US Old Methodology199058.8%57.7%59.8%
US Old Methodology199163.2%62.3%64.1%
US Old Methodology199263.5%62.7%64.3%
US Old Methodology199366.8%56.9%66.2%
US Old Methodology199466.8%66.0%67.5%
US Old Methodology199569.8%69.0%70.5%
US Old Methodology199670.0%69.3%70.6%
US Old Methodology199771.1%70.4%71.7%
US Old Methodology199872.3%71.0%73.7%
US Old Methodology199974.1%73.5%74.6%
US Old Methodology200076.6%76.0%77.1%
US Old Methodology200276.0%75.4%76.5%
US Old Methodology200474.2%73.8%74.7%
US Old Methodology200676.1%75.7%76.6%
US Old Methodology200876.2%75.9%76.6%
US Old Methodology201074.9%74.5%75.2%
UT New Methodology201064.5%62.6%66.4%
UT New Methodology201167.2%64.4%69.9%
UT New Methodology201268.0%66.2%69.7%
UT New Methodology201366.6%63.7%69.4%
UT New Methodology201464.8%63.1%66.4%
UT New Methodology201665.4%63.3%67.5%
UT New Methodology201863.1%61.0%65.1%
UT New Methodology201963.8%60.9%66.6%
UT New Methodology202062.7%60.6%64.7%
UT New Methodology202263.8%61.6%65.9%
US New Methodology201273.2%72.8%73.7%
US New Methodology201472.5%72.1%72.9%
US New Methodology201671.0%70.5%71.5%
US New Methodology201870.9%70.3%71.4%
US New Methodology202069.0%68.4%69.7%
US New Methodology202268.2%67.7%68.8%

Data Notes

Age-adjusted to U.S. 2000 standard population. Data provided for all years available. Old Methodology: Previous BRFSS methodology used "post-stratification" which was used to weight data by age, gender, and local health district (LHD). New Methodology: To reduce bias and more accurately represent population data, the BRFSS has changed survey methodology. It began conducting surveys by cellular phone in addition to landline phones. It also adopted "iterative proportional fitting" (raking) as its weighting method. With raking, education, race/ethnicity, marital status, home ownership/renter, and telephone source are included in the weighting procedure. Due to changes in sampling and weighting methodology, data from the new methodology represents a new baseline, and comparisons from new to old methodology data are not appropriate.

Data Sources

  • Utah Department of Health and Human Services Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) [https://ibis.utah.gov/ibisph-view/query/selection/brfss/BRFSSSelection.html]
  • Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System Survey Data, US Department of Health and Human Services Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC).


Mammogram Within the Past Two Years by Local Health District, Utah, 2022

::chart - missing::
confidence limits

Local Health DistrictAge-adjusted Percentage of Women Age 40+Lower LimitUpper Limit
Record Count: 14
Bear River66.8%58.0%74.6%
Central61.8%51.4%71.1%
Davis County62.7%55.7%69.3%
Salt Lake County63.2%59.1%67.1%
San Juan44.5%23.8%67.2%
Southeast59.9%49.0%69.9%
Southwest68.2%60.4%75.1%
Summit78.4%64.9%87.7%
Tooele59.9%50.9%68.3%
TriCounty52.7%42.4%62.7%
Utah County63.9%58.6%68.9%
Wasatch75.3%63.3%84.4%
Weber-Morgan63.6%56.7%70.0%
State of Utah63.8%61.6%65.9%

Data Notes

Age-adjusted to the U.S. 2000 standard population.

Data Source

Utah Department of Health and Human Services Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) [https://ibis.utah.gov/ibisph-view/query/selection/brfss/BRFSSSelection.html]


Mammogram Within the Past Two Years by Utah Small Area, 2020 and 2022

::chart - missing::
confidence limits

Utah Small AreasAge-adjusted Percentage of Women Age 40+Lower LimitUpper LimitNote
Record Count: 100
Brigham City58.9%44.3%72.0%
Box Elder Co (Other) V267.7%49.7%81.6%*
Tremonton67.6%48.4%82.3%
Logan V266.7%54.4%77.1%
North Logan70.9%52.6%84.3%
Cache (Other)/Rich (All) V272.9%58.4%83.8%
Hyrum73.9%45.8%90.5%*
Smithfield71.1%52.4%84.6%*
Ben Lomond66.0%56.1%74.7%
Weber County (East)71.1%58.1%81.3%
Morgan County57.1%32.5%78.6%
Ogden (Downtown)45.9%34.9%57.3%
South Ogden54.0%41.6%65.9%
Roy/Hooper65.8%53.0%76.7%
Riverdale77.3%63.5%86.9%
Clearfield Area/Hooper58.9%47.7%69.2%
Layton/South Weber67.9%58.3%76.2%
Kaysville/Fruit Heights62.0%49.3%73.3%
Syracuse59.3%45.3%71.9%
Centerville76.2%61.6%86.4%
Farmington71.1%51.6%85.0%*
North Salt Lake87.0%69.4%95.2%*
Woods Cross/West Bountiful60.5%38.1%79.2%*
Bountiful62.1%50.0%72.9%
SLC (Rose Park)63.1%44.6%78.4%*
SLC (Avenues)60.4%43.9%74.9%
SLC (Foothill/East Bench)76.9%54.8%90.1%*
Magna36.9%23.8%52.4%
SLC (Glendale) V227.1%11.1%52.6%*
West Valley (Center)75.7%60.4%86.4%
West Valley (West) V263.4%46.6%77.5%
West Valley (East) V247.1%31.4%63.4%
SLC (Downtown) V245.9%30.5%62.1%
SLC (Southeast Liberty)65.4%43.0%82.6%
South Salt Lake51.0%27.0%74.6%
SLC (Sugar House)68.3%55.6%78.8%
Millcreek (South)67.0%52.7%78.7%
Millcreek (East)76.2%62.2%86.2%
Holladay V280.4%63.2%90.8%*
Cottonwood65.9%52.4%77.2%
Kearns V243.7%29.6%58.9%
Taylorsville (E)/Murray (W)67.0%52.1%79.2%
Taylorsville (West)74.6%62.1%84.0%
Murray55.9%41.2%69.7%
Midvale62.2%45.1%76.6%
West Jordan (Northeast) V267.1%49.7%80.8%
West Jordan (Southeast)61.0%45.4%74.6%
West Jordan (W)/Copperton60.9%44.6%75.1%
South Jordan V261.6%48.4%73.4%
Daybreak70.3%54.6%82.3%
Sandy (West)64.6%46.9%79.0%*
Sandy (Center) V256.0%42.3%68.9%
Sandy (Northeast)67.8%47.5%83.1%*
Sandy (Southeast)86.0%73.4%93.2%*
Draper51.4%37.1%65.5%
Riverton/Bluffdale59.3%44.9%72.4%
Herriman66.1%51.3%78.3%
Tooele County (Other)60.8%44.6%75.0%
Tooele Valley66.0%57.7%73.4%
Eagle Mountain/Cedar Valley37.3%25.1%51.3%
Lehi65.6%53.6%75.8%
Saratoga Springs74.4%60.0%85.0%
American Fork64.0%51.3%75.0%
Alpine52.7%41.0%64.2%*
Pleasant Grove/Lindon60.8%50.4%70.4%
Orem (North)72.3%55.9%84.3%
Orem (West)68.8%51.0%82.4%
Orem (East)57.2%44.0%69.4%
Provo/BYU74.8%61.9%84.5%
Provo (West City Center)60.7%44.7%74.7%
Provo (East City Center)78.7%58.8%90.5%*
Salem City65.0%47.7%79.0%
Spanish Fork68.1%55.7%78.4%
Springville68.7%54.9%79.9%
Mapleton****
Utah County (South) V265.7%49.3%79.0%*
Payson64.8%50.0%77.3%
Park City69.6%56.5%80.2%
Summit County (East)76.3%62.6%86.1%
Wasatch County73.3%64.1%80.8%
Daggett and Uintah County51.7%42.4%61.0%
Duchesne County46.5%35.1%58.4%
Nephi/Mona68.0%41.2%86.5%*
Delta/Fillmore67.1%48.1%81.8%*
Sanpete Valley60.8%46.4%73.4%
Central (Other)62.7%52.0%72.3%
Richfield/Monroe/Salina57.6%43.8%70.4%
Carbon County70.1%58.9%79.3%
Emery County58.7%48.5%68.3%
Grand County48.7%32.5%65.2%
Blanding/Monticello54.5%40.6%67.7%
San Juan County (Other)56.4%29.5%80.0%*
St. George67.2%56.6%76.4%
Washington Co (Other) V245.6%33.6%58.2%
Washington City60.4%43.0%75.5%
Hurricane/La Verkin70.6%55.3%82.3%
Ivins/Santa Clara68.2%39.2%87.7%*
Cedar City65.0%52.0%76.1%
Southwest LHD (Other)70.4%57.6%80.7%
State of Utah63.2%61.7%64.8%

Data Notes

Age-adjusted to U.S. 2000 standard population. *Use caution in interpreting; the estimate has a coefficient of variation >30% and is therefore deemed unreliable by Utah Department of Health and Human Services standards. **The estimate has been suppressed because the relative standard error is greater than 50% or the observed number of events is very small and not appropriate for publication. Small area groupings were changed in 2018 to better reflect the boundaries of those areas. This may affect interpretation of trend data. Methods and changes to Utah Small Areas may be found on IBIS at the following URL: [https://ibis.utah.gov/ibisph-view/resource/Guidelines.html].

Data Source

Utah Department of Health and Human Services Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) [https://ibis.utah.gov/ibisph-view/query/selection/brfss/BRFSSSelection.html]


Mammogram Within the Past Two Years by Ethnicity, Utah, 2022

::chart - missing::
confidence limits

Hispanic EthnicityAge-adjusted Percentage of Women Age 40+Lower LimitUpper Limit
Record Count: 3
Hispanic/Latino57.2%49.2%64.9%
Non-Hispanic/Latino64.6%62.3%66.9%
All ethnicities63.8%61.6%65.9%

Data Notes

Age-adjusted to the U.S. 2000 standard population.

Data Source

Utah Department of Health and Human Services Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) [https://ibis.utah.gov/ibisph-view/query/selection/brfss/BRFSSSelection.html]


Mammogram Within the Past Two Years by Race, Utah, 2018, 2019, 2020, 2022 combined data

::chart - missing::
confidence limits

RaceAge-adjusted Percentage of Women Age 40+Lower LimitUpper Limit
Record Count: 7
American Indian/Alaska Native56.0%44.3%67.1%
Asian72.4%60.7%81.6%
Black, African American64.0%51.0%75.3%
Native Hawaiian, Pacific Islander73.0%56.4%85.0%
White63.4%62.2%64.5%
Other61.7%55.6%67.6%
All races63.3%62.1%64.4%

Data Notes

Age-adjusted to the U.S. 2000 standard population using 3 age groups.

Data Source

Utah Department of Health and Human Services Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) [https://ibis.utah.gov/ibisph-view/query/selection/brfss/BRFSSSelection.html]


Mammogram Within the Past Two Years by Education, Utah, 2020 and 2022

::chart - missing::
confidence limits

Education LevelAge-adjusted Percentage of Women Age 40+Lower LimitUpper Limit
Record Count: 5
Less than high school53.4%45.8%60.9%
H.S. grad or G.E.D.59.3%55.9%62.6%
Some post high school62.9%60.3%65.4%
College graduate67.8%65.6%69.9%
Total63.2%61.7%64.8%

Data Notes

Age-adjusted to U.S. 2000 standard population.

Data Source

Utah Department of Health and Human Services Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) [https://ibis.utah.gov/ibisph-view/query/selection/brfss/BRFSSSelection.html]


Mammogram Within the Past Two Years by Income, Utah, 2020 and 2022

::chart - missing::
confidence limits

Income CategoryAge-adjusted Percentage of Women Age 40+Lower LimitUpper Limit
Record Count: 5
<$25,00050.9%45.4%56.3%
$25,000-$49,99959.1%54.8%63.3%
$50,000-$74,99967.7%63.6%71.6%
$75,000+68.4%66.1%70.6%
Total63.2%61.7%64.8%

Data Notes

Age-adjusted to U.S. 2000 standard population.

Data Source

Utah Department of Health and Human Services Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) [https://ibis.utah.gov/ibisph-view/query/selection/brfss/BRFSSSelection.html]


Mammogram Within the Past Two Years by Age Group, Utah, 2022

::chart - missing::
confidence limits

Age GroupPercentage of WomenLower LimitUpper Limit
Record Count: 3
Age 40-4953.0%48.7%57.3%
Age 50-6470.6%67.0%73.9%
Age 65+68.6%65.2%71.9%

Data Source

Utah Department of Health and Human Services Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) [https://ibis.utah.gov/ibisph-view/query/selection/brfss/BRFSSSelection.html]

References and community resources

Utah Breast & Cervical Cancer Screening Program @ https://cancer.utah.gov/][[br]] Utah Cancer Coalition @ [https://utahcancercoalition.org/][[br]] Susan G. Komen Foundation @ [http://www.komen.org][[br]] National Cancer Institute @ [http://www.cancer.gov][[br]] American Cancer Society @ [http://www.cancer.org][[br]] Huntsman Cancer Institute @ [http://huntsmancancer.org][[br]] Centers for Disease Control and Prevention @ [http://www.cdc.gov][[br]] American Society of Clinical Oncology @ [http://www.asco.org][[br]]

More Resources and Links

Additional indicator data by state and county may be found on these websites:

Medical literature can be queried at PubMed library.

Page Content Updated On 03/26/2024, Published on 04/11/2024
The information provided above is from the Utah Department of Health and Human Services IBIS-PH website (https://ibis.utah.gov/ibisph-view/). The information published on this website may be reproduced without permission. Please use the following citation: " Retrieved Thu, 21 November 2024 17:03:00 from Utah Department of Health and Human Services, Indicator-Based Information System for Public Health website: https://ibis.utah.gov/ibisph-view/ ".

Content updated: Fri, 26 Jul 2024 17:57:28 MDT