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Complete Health Indicator Report of Parkinson's disease

Definition

Utah residents who have been diagnosed with Parkinson's disease

Numerator

__Parkinson's Hospitalizations__: Number of hospitalizations among Utah residents due to Parkinson's disease (ICD9 code 332; ICD10 codes G20-G21) __Parkinson's Mortality__: Number of deaths among Utah residents due to Parkinson's disease (ICD10 codes G20-G21) __Parkinson's Registry__: Number of Utah residents with the characteristic of interest

Denominator

Total number of persons in the population of Utah.

Data Interpretation Issues

Beginning in 2016, coding for hospitalizations changed from ICD 9 to ICD 10. The impact of this coding change is unknown at this time. Interpretations of Parkinson's disease hospitalizations over this time change should be made with caution.

Why Is This Important?

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a progressive neurological brain disorder that affects movement. It is the second most common neurodegenerative disease after Alzheimer's disease. PD belongs to a group of conditions called motor system disorders, which are the result of a loss of dopamine-producing brain cells. The four primary symptoms of PD are tremor, rigidity/stiffness, bradykinesia (slowness of movement) and postural instability. Early symptoms of PD are subtle and occur gradually. As symptoms become more severe, carrying out activities of daily life can become difficult. PD usually affects people over the age of 60; however, younger onset of the disease can occur. Other symptoms may include depression; anxiety; difficulty swallowing, chewing, and speaking; urinary problems or constipation; skin problems; and sleep disruptions. There are currently no blood or laboratory tests used to diagnose PD. Diagnosis is based on medical history and a neurological examination. The disease can be difficult to diagnose accurately. Doctors may sometimes request brain scans or laboratory tests in order to rule out other diseases (National Institutes of Health). The combined direct and indirect cost of Parkinson's, including treatment, social security payments and lost income, is estimated to be nearly $25 billion per year in the United States alone. Medications alone cost an average of $2,500 a year and therapeutic surgery can cost up to $100,000 per person (Parkinson's Foundation).

How Are We Doing?

The Parkinson's Foundation estimated that Utah has more than 6,500 individuals living with PD (Parkinson's Foundation). The Utah Parkinson's Disease Registry contained more than 13,000 records of individuals, both living and deceased, with Parkinson's disease as of December 2023. In 2023 the age-adjusted death rate in Utah was 11.9 per 100,000 people (IBIS).

How Do We Compare With the U.S.?

About one million Americans live with Parkinson's disease (PD). Approximately 90,000 Americans are diagnosed with PD each year. Incidence of Parkinson's disease increases with age, but an estimated 4% of people with PD are diagnosed before age 50 (Parkinson's Foundation). The 2022 age-adjusted death rate for the United States was 9.5 per 100,000 people (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention), lower than the Utah rate of 12.2.

What Is Being Done?

Utah has established the Utah Parkinson's Disease Registry to improve knowledge about the causes and treatment of PD. Collecting and analyzing this information in an entire state will provide important clues about potential causes of the disease, as well as help to ensure that adequate healthcare resources are available for all patients. A Parkinson's Disease Registry State Advisory Committee -- a collaboration of the Utah Department of Health and Human Services, University of Utah Department of Neurology, Intermountain Neurosciences, individuals with PD, and other health care providers -- has been established to develop a state plan to guide the development of the registry. Resources for patients and their families are available through: (1) University of Utah Department of Neurology, sponsor of the Mountain West Parkinson's Initiative (MWPI) which serves the Mountain West region, and (2) Intermountain Neurosciences Institute.

Evidence-based Practices

There is no cure for PD but drug therapy and surgery options can alleviate PD symptoms. Regular aerobic exercise slows the progression of PD. Levodopa is the most effective treatment for PD; it is used to treat motor symptoms. This medication is taken orally and travels to the brain. When it crosses the blood-brain barrier, it is converted to dopamine. There are a variety of other medications that are used to treat motor systems related to PD based of the effectiveness for the individual (Connolly & Lang). Deep brain stimulation (DBS) is the most commonly performed surgical treatment for PD. In DBS surgery, thin wires called electrodes are placed into one or both sides of the brain in specific areas that control movement. DBS typically works best to lessen motor symptoms like stiffness, slowness, and tremor (Michael J. Fox Parkinson's Foundation). In addition to medications and surgical options, other important interventions can benefit individuals with PD. PD patients will have better outcomes if treated by a neurologist. A neurologist specializes in disorders of the central nervous system (Willis, et al.). Regular aerobic-type exercise leading to overall fitness has compelling evidence for slowing of PD progression. There are many programs available such as Rock Steady Boxing (Combs, et al.), Dance for PD (Dance for PD), and LSVT Big and Loud Therapy (Salgado, et al.). All patients with PD should be encouraged to engage in regular exercise (Ahlskog).

Available Services

University of Utah Community Education and Outreach for Parkinson's Disease[[br]] [https://medicine.utah.edu/neurology/community-education-outreach] Parkinson's Disease Caregiver Support Group[[br]] Meets monthly[[br]] The monthly PD Caregiver Support Group meets every 2nd Wednesday of the month from noon to 1. Join their Zoom meetings at this link:[[br]] [https://utah.zoom.us/j/91708877914][[br]] Passcode: 624266 Parkinson's Foundation - Rocky Mountain Chapter[[br]] Offers resources for people with Parkinson's disease, their families, friends, and care partners. For questions contact or visit:[[br]] Utah Parkinson's Disease Registry[[br]] 801-585-2354 [[br]] [https://updr.org/]

Health Program Information

The Utah Chapter of the American Parkinson's Disease Association holds an annual symposium every fall. All people with the condition and caregivers are invited to attend the symposium to hear about the latest medical care from expert speakers. The Utah Chapter has also established support groups throughout the state.


Related Indicators

Relevant Population Characteristics

About one million people in North America have Parkinson's disease. Approximately 13 out of 100,000 people have been diagnosed. Source: Statistics about Parkinson's | Parkinson's Foundation | [http://www.parkinson.org parkinson.org][[br]] [http://www.parkinson.org/statistics]

Related Relevant Population Characteristics Indicators:


Health Care System Factors

The combined direct and indirect cost of Parkinson's in the U.S. is estimated to be nearly $25 billion each year. Much of this cost is for medications, which cost as average of $2,500 per year. Therapeutic surgery is another large expense and can cost up to $100,000 per person. Source: [http://www.parkinson.org/Understanding-Parkinsons/Causes-and-Statistics/Statistics]

Risk Factors

The greatest risk factor for Parkinson's disease (PD) is age. About 1-2% of adults over the age of 65 and about 0.3% of the general population have PD. PD occurs infrequently in the population under 40 years of age and early onset has been associated with the probability of genetic causes. The role of sex as a risk factor of PD is disputed. Some studies have found women to be at higher risk for PD, while others have found men to be at higher risk, and others have found no difference. Differences between men and women may also vary by ethnicity. Studies have found associations of smoking and caffeine consumption with decreased rates of PD and head injury and pesticide exposure with increased rates.

Health Status Outcomes

Not all people with Parkinson's have the same symptoms. The most noticeable symptoms of Parkinson's are tremors, slow movements, balance problems, and rigidity. Some people experience cognitive impairment, mood disorders which can include anxiety and depression. They may also have sleep difficulties, speech, or swallowing problems. Source: [https://www.michaeljfox.org/understanding-parkinsons/i-have-got-what.php?navid=diagnosis&smcid=ag-a30U0000000OXAo&s_src=Adwords&s_subsrc=what_is_parkinsons&gclid=EAIaIQobChMIj4X2-4KQ2gIVFIZ-Ch18mA0tEAAYAiAAEgLxo_D_BwE]



Graphical Data Views

Parkinson's Disease Registry distribution by local health district, Utah, 2023

::chart - missing::

Local health districtPercentage distribution
Record Count: 13
Bear River5.8%
Central3.4%
Davis County9.9%
Salt Lake County40.0%
San Juan0.1%
Southeast0.7%
Southwest13.8%
Summit1.8%
Tooele1.2%
TriCounty0.7%
Utah County13.6%
Wasatch1.1%
Weber-Morgan7.9%

Data Notes

Registry includes patients who have died. Participation in the registry is voluntary and not necessarily representative of the distribution of patients throughout the state.

Data Source

Utah Parkinson Disease Registry, Mountain West Parkinson Initiative, University of Utah Department of Neurology, Imaging and Neurosciences


Parkinson's disease age-adjusted mortality by year, Utah and U.S., 1999-2023

::chart - missing::
confidence limits

Utah vs. U.S.YearAge-adjusted death rate per 100,000 populationLower LimitUpper Limit
Record Count: 49
Utah19997.86.49.4
Utah20008.97.410.6
Utah20018.87.410.4
Utah20029.27.810.9
Utah200311.810.213.6
Utah200410.18.611.8
Utah200512.010.413.7
Utah20069.78.311.3
Utah20078.97.510.4
Utah20089.78.311.2
Utah20099.27.910.7
Utah20108.87.510.2
Utah20119.68.311.0
Utah20129.48.210.9
Utah20138.87.610.2
Utah20149.68.311.0
Utah201510.28.911.6
Utah201611.810.513.3
Utah20179.78.511.0
Utah201811.610.313.1
Utah201911.910.613.4
Utah202012.711.414.2
Utah202112.010.713.4
Utah202212.211.013.6
Utah202311.810.613.2
U.S.19995.45.35.5
U.S.20005.75.65.8
U.S.20015.95.86.0
U.S.20026.05.96.1
U.S.20036.36.26.4
U.S.20046.26.16.3
U.S.20056.66.56.7
U.S.20066.56.46.6
U.S.20076.56.46.6
U.S.20086.66.56.7
U.S.20096.56.46.6
U.S.20106.86.86.9
U.S.20117.06.97.1
U.S.20127.06.97.1
U.S.20137.37.27.4
U.S.20147.47.37.5
U.S.20157.77.67.8
U.S.20168.07.98.1
U.S.20178.48.38.5
U.S.20188.78.68.8
U.S.20198.88.78.9
U.S.20209.99.810.0
U.S.20219.89.79.9
U.S.20229.59.49.6

Data Notes

Parkinson's disease cause of death ICD 10 codes G20-G21.[[br]] Rates are age-adjusted to the U.S. 2000 standard population.

Data Sources

  • Utah Death Certificate Database, Office of Vital Records and Statistics, Utah Department of Health and Human Services
  • Population Estimates for 1999 and earlier: Utah Governor's Office of Planning and Budget
  • For years 2010 and later, the population estimates are provided by the Kem C. Gardner Policy Institute, Utah state and county annual population estimates are by single year of age and sex, IBIS Version 2023
  • Population estimates for 2000-2009: National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS) through a collaborative agreement with the U.S. Census Bureau, IBIS Version 2020
  • U.S. Underlying Cause of Death Data: WONDER Online Database. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Health Statistics. Accessed at [http://wonder.cdc.gov/ucd-icd10.html]


Parkinson's disease hospitalizations by year, Utah, 2004-2014 and 2016-2022

::chart - missing::
confidence limits

ICD-9 vs. ICD-10YearCrude hospitalization rate per 10,000Lower LimitUpper Limit
Record Count: 18
ICD-920040.430.340.54
ICD-920050.480.380.59
ICD-920060.430.340.53
ICD-920070.250.190.34
ICD-920080.280.210.36
ICD-920090.30.230.38
ICD-920100.290.220.38
ICD-920110.230.170.3
ICD-920120.260.20.34
ICD-920130.270.210.35
ICD-920140.390.310.47
ICD-1020160.420.350.5
ICD-1020170.370.310.45
ICD-1020180.510.430.59
ICD-1020190.430.360.51
ICD-1020200.380.320.45
ICD-1020210.410.340.48
ICD-1020220.410.340.48

Data Notes

Parkinson's disease was defined by ICD9 code 332 from 2004-2014 and ICD10 codes G20-G21 from 2016-2023. The increase in hospitalizations is likely due to this change.[[br]] Age-adjusted to the U.S. 2000 standard population.

Data Sources

  • Utah Inpatient Hospital Discharge Data, Healthcare Information & Analysis Programs, Office of Research & Evaluation, Utah Department of Health and Human Services
  • For years 2010 and later, the population estimates are provided by the Kem C. Gardner Policy Institute, Utah state and county annual population estimates are by single year of age and sex, IBIS Version 2023
  • Population estimates for 2000-2009: National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS) through a collaborative agreement with the U.S. Census Bureau, IBIS Version 2020


Parkinson's disease mortality by year, Utah and U.S., 1999-2023

::chart - missing::
confidence limits

Utah vs. U.S.YearCrude death rate per 100,000Lower LimitUpper Limit
Record Count: 49
Utah19995.04.16.0
Utah20005.94.97.0
Utah20015.84.96.9
Utah20026.25.27.2
Utah20037.96.89.1
Utah20046.75.77.8
Utah20058.17.09.3
Utah20066.65.77.7
Utah20076.15.27.1
Utah20086.75.77.7
Utah20096.45.47.4
Utah20106.15.27.1
Utah20116.85.97.8
Utah20126.85.87.8
Utah20136.55.67.5
Utah20147.06.18.0
Utah20157.76.78.7
Utah20169.07.910.1
Utah20177.56.68.5
Utah20189.08.010.1
Utah20199.38.310.4
Utah202010.08.911.1
Utah20219.78.710.8
Utah202210.19.011.2
Utah202310.19.111.2
U.S.19995.25.15.3
U.S.20005.65.55.7
U.S.20015.85.75.9
U.S.20025.95.86.0
U.S.20036.26.16.3
U.S.20046.16.16.2
U.S.20056.66.56.7
U.S.20066.66.56.6
U.S.20076.76.66.8
U.S.20086.76.66.8
U.S.20096.76.66.8
U.S.20107.17.07.2
U.S.20117.47.37.5
U.S.20127.67.57.7
U.S.20138.07.98.1
U.S.20148.28.18.3
U.S.20158.78.68.8
U.S.20169.29.19.3
U.S.20179.89.79.9
U.S.201810.310.210.5
U.S.201910.810.610.9
U.S.202012.212.112.3
U.S.202111.611.511.7
U.S.202212.011.912.1

Data Notes

Parkinson's disease cause of death ICD 10 codes G20-G21.

Data Sources

  • Utah Death Certificate Database, Office of Vital Records and Statistics, Utah Department of Health and Human Services
  • Population Estimates for 1999 and earlier: Utah Governor's Office of Planning and Budget
  • For years 2010 and later, the population estimates are provided by the Kem C. Gardner Policy Institute, Utah state and county annual population estimates are by single year of age and sex, IBIS Version 2023
  • Population estimates for 2000-2009: National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS) through a collaborative agreement with the U.S. Census Bureau, IBIS Version 2020
  • U.S. Underlying Cause of Death Data: WONDER Online Database. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Health Statistics. Accessed at [http://wonder.cdc.gov/ucd-icd10.html]


Parkinson's disease age-adjusted mortality by urban/rural residence, Utah, 2021-2023 combined years

::chart - missing::
confidence limits

CountytTypeAge-adjusted death rate per 100,000 populationLower LimitUpper Limit
Record Count: 3
Frontier8.25.412.0
Rural11.410.013.0
Urban12.511.613.4

Data Notes

Parkinson's disease cause of death ICD 10 codes G20-G21.[[br]] Urban counties include Davis, Salt Lake, Utah, and Weber counties.[[br]] Age-adjusted to the 2000 U.S. standard population.

Data Sources

  • Utah Death Certificate Database, Office of Vital Records and Statistics, Utah Department of Health and Human Services
  • For years 2010 and later, the population estimates are provided by the Kem C. Gardner Policy Institute, Utah state and county annual population estimates are by single year of age and sex, IBIS Version 2023


Parkinson's disease mortality by urban/rural residence, Utah, 2021-2023 combined years

::chart - missing::
confidence limits

CountytTypeCrude death rate per 100,000Lower LimitUpper Limit
Record Count: 3
Frontier10.26.714.8
Rural13.211.614.9
Urban9.28.69.9

Data Notes

Urban counties include Davis, Salt Lake, Utah, and Weber counties.[[br]] Parkinson's disease cause of death ICD 10 codes G20-G21.

Data Sources

  • Utah Death Certificate Database, Office of Vital Records and Statistics, Utah Department of Health and Human Services
  • For years 2010 and later, the population estimates are provided by the Kem C. Gardner Policy Institute, Utah state and county annual population estimates are by single year of age and sex, IBIS Version 2023


Parkinson's disease age-adjusted mortality by sex, Utah, 2021-2023 combined years

::chart - missing::
confidence limits

SexAge-adjusted death rate per 100,000 populationLower LimitUpper Limit
Record Count: 3
Male17.816.419.2
Female7.46.78.3
All12.011.312.8

Data Notes

Parkinson's disease cause of death ICD 10 codes G20-G21.

Data Sources

  • Utah Death Certificate Database, Office of Vital Records and Statistics, Utah Department of Health and Human Services
  • For years 2010 and later, the population estimates are provided by the Kem C. Gardner Policy Institute, Utah state and county annual population estimates are by single year of age and sex, IBIS Version 2023


Parkinson's disease mortality by sex, Utah, 2021-2023 combined years

::chart - missing::
confidence limits

SexCrude death rate per 100,000Lower LimitUpper Limit
Record Count: 3
Male12.912.014.0
Female6.96.27.7
All10.09.410.6

Data Notes

Three years of data were combined to get reliable estimates.[[br]] Parkinson's disease cause of death ICD 10 codes G20-G21.

Data Sources

  • Utah Death Certificate Database, Office of Vital Records and Statistics, Utah Department of Health and Human Services
  • For years 2010 and later, the population estimates are provided by the Kem C. Gardner Policy Institute, Utah state and county annual population estimates are by single year of age and sex, IBIS Version 2023


Parkinson's disease age-adjusted hospitalizations by year, Utah, 2004-2014 and 2016-2022

::chart - missing::
confidence limits

Age-adjusted rates of hospital discharges with Parkinson's disease as the primary diagnosis declined from 2004 until about 2013, where they began to increase again.
ICD-9 vs. ICD-10YearAge-adjusted hospitalization rate per 10,000Lower LimitUpper Limit
Record Count: 18
ICD-920040.430.340.54
ICD-920050.480.380.59
ICD-920060.430.340.53
ICD-920070.250.190.34
ICD-920080.280.210.36
ICD-920090.30.230.38
ICD-920100.290.220.38
ICD-920110.230.170.3
ICD-920120.260.20.34
ICD-920130.270.210.35
ICD-920140.390.310.47
ICD-1020160.50.410.59
ICD-1020170.430.360.52
ICD-1020180.590.50.69
ICD-1020190.50.420.59
ICD-1020200.440.370.53
ICD-1020210.450.380.54
ICD-1020220.440.360.52

Data Notes

Parkinson's disease was defined by ICD9 code 332 from 2004-2014 and ICD10 codes G20-G21 from 2016-2022. The increase in hospitalizations is likely due to this change.[[br]] Age-adjusted to the U.S. 2000 standard population.

Data Sources

  • Utah Inpatient Hospital Discharge Data, Healthcare Information & Analysis Programs, Office of Research & Evaluation, Utah Department of Health and Human Services
  • For years 2010 and later, the population estimates are provided by the Kem C. Gardner Policy Institute, Utah state and county annual population estimates are by single year of age and sex, IBIS Version 2023
  • Population estimates for 2000-2009: National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS) through a collaborative agreement with the U.S. Census Bureau, IBIS Version 2020


Parkinson's disease age-adjusted hospitalizations by urban/rural residence, Utah, 2020-2022 combined years

::chart - missing::
confidence limits

Age-adjusted hospitalization rate per 10,000Lower LimitUpper Limit
Record Count: 2
Urban counties0.470.420.52
Other counties0.420.330.51

Data Notes

Three years of data (2020-2022) were combined to show the age-adjusted rates of discharges for urban vs. rural counties.[[br]] Urban counties include Davis, Salt Lake, Utah, and Weber counties.[[br]] Parkinson's disease defined by ICD 10 codes G20,G21.[[br]] Age-adjusted to the U.S. 2000 standard population.

Data Sources

  • Utah Inpatient Hospital Discharge Data, Healthcare Information & Analysis Programs, Office of Research & Evaluation, Utah Department of Health and Human Services
  • For years 2010 and later, the population estimates are provided by the Kem C. Gardner Policy Institute, Utah state and county annual population estimates are by single year of age and sex, IBIS Version 2023


Parkinson's disease hospitalizations by urban/rural residence, Utah, 2020-2022 combined years

::chart - missing::
confidence limits

Crude hospitalization rate per 10,000Lower LimitUpper Limit
Record Count: 2
Urban counties0.380.340.42
Other counties0.50.40.62

Data Notes

Three years of data (2020-2022) were combined to show the crude rates of discharges for urban vs. rural counties.[[br]] Urban counties include Davis, Salt Lake, Utah, and Weber counties.[[br]] Parkinson's disease defined by ICD 10 codes G20,G21.

Data Sources

  • Utah Inpatient Hospital Discharge Data, Healthcare Information & Analysis Programs, Office of Research & Evaluation, Utah Department of Health and Human Services
  • For years 2010 and later, the population estimates are provided by the Kem C. Gardner Policy Institute, Utah state and county annual population estimates are by single year of age and sex, IBIS Version 2023


Parkinson's disease age-adjusted hospitalizations by sex, Utah, 2020-2022 combined years

::chart - missing::
confidence limits

SexAge-adjusted hospitalization rate per 10,000Lower LimitUpper Limit
Record Count: 3
Male0.670.590.75
Female0.250.210.3
All0.440.40.49

Data Notes

Three years of data (2020-2022) were combined to show the age-adjusted rates of discharges.[[br]] Parkinson's disease defined by ICD 10 codes G20,G21.[[br]] Age-adjusted to the U.S. 2000 standard population.

Data Sources

  • Utah Inpatient Hospital Discharge Data, Healthcare Information & Analysis Programs, Office of Research & Evaluation, Utah Department of Health and Human Services
  • For years 2010 and later, the population estimates are provided by the Kem C. Gardner Policy Institute, Utah state and county annual population estimates are by single year of age and sex, IBIS Version 2023


Parkinson's disease hospitalizations by sex, Utah, 2020-2022 combined years

::chart - missing::
confidence limits

SexCrude hospitalization rate per 10,000Lower LimitUpper Limit
Record Count: 3
Male0.540.480.61
Female0.250.210.29
All0.40.360.44

Data Notes

Three years of data (2020-2022) were combined to show the crude rates of discharges.[[br]] Parkinson's disease defined by ICD 10 codes G20,G21.[[br]] Age-adjusted to the U.S. 2000 standard population.

Data Sources

  • Utah Inpatient Hospital Discharge Data, Healthcare Information & Analysis Programs, Office of Research & Evaluation, Utah Department of Health and Human Services
  • For years 2010 and later, the population estimates are provided by the Kem C. Gardner Policy Institute, Utah state and county annual population estimates are by single year of age and sex, IBIS Version 2023

References and community resources

Ahlskog, J. Eric, Aerobic Exercise: Evidence for a Direct Brain Effect to Slow Parkinson Disease Progression. Mayo Clinic Proceedings, Volume 93, Issue 3 , 360 - 372. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Stats of the States' available at: [https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/pressroom/sosmap/parkinsons_disease_mortality/parkinsons_disease.htm]. Combs, Stephanie A., Diehl, M. Dyer, Staples, William H., Conn, Lindsay, Davis, Kendra, Lewis, Nicole, Schaneman, Katie; January 2011. Boxing Training for Patients With Parkinson Disease: A Case Series, Physical Therapy, Volume 91, Issue 1, 1 Pages 132-142, [https://doi.org/10.2522/ptj.20100142]. Connolly BS, Lang AE. Pharmacological Treatment of Parkinson Disease A Review. JAMA. 2014;311(16):1670-1683. doi:10.1001/jama.2014.3654. Dance for PD. Available at: [https://danceforparkinsons.org/resources/research]. Michael J. Fox Parkinson's Foundation - available at: [https://www.michaeljfox.org/understanding-parkinsons/living-with-pd/topic.php?deep-brain-stimulation]. National Institutes of Health, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke. Available at: [https://www.ninds.nih.gov/Disorders/All-Disorders/Parkinsons-Disease-Information-Page]. Parkinson's Foundation - available at: [http://parkinson.org/Understanding-Parkinsons/Causes-and-Statistics/Statistics]. Salgado S, Williams N, Kotian R, Salgado M. An Evidence-Based Exercise Regimen for Patients with Mild to Moderate Parkinson's Disease. Brain Sciences. 2013;3(1):87-100. doi:10.3390/brainsci3010087. Willis, A.W., Schootman, M., Evanoff, B.A., Perlmutter, J.S., Racette, B.A. 2011 Aug 30. Neurologist care in Parkinson disease: A utilization, outcomes, and survival study Neurology; 77(9): 851-857. doi: 10.1212/WNL.0b013e31822c9123.

More Resources and Links

Additional indicator data by state and county may be found on these websites:

Medical literature can be queried at PubMed library.

Page Content Updated On 10/15/2024, Published on 10/23/2024
Healthy Aging Program, Office of Health Promotion and Prevention, Utah Department of Health and Human Services | Health Resource Line: (888) 222-2542 | Website: healthyaging.utah.gov | E-mail: healthyaging@utah.gov
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Content updated: Wed, 23 Oct 2024 11:05:27 MDT