PHOM Indicator Profile Report of Life expectancy at birth

Why Is This Important?

Life expectancy is a measure that is often used to gauge the overall health of a community. Life expectancy at birth measures health status across all age groups. Shifts in life expectancy are often used to describe trends in mortality. Being able to predict how populations will age has enormous implications for the planning and provision of services and support. Small increases in life expectancy translate into large increases in the population. As the life expectancy of a population lengthens, the number of people living with chronic illnesses tends to increase because chronic illnesses are more common among older persons.

In Utah, life expectancy at birth for males increased from 72.4 years in 1980 to 78.2 years in 2023, and for females from 78.6 to 82.1 years. In comparison, life expectancy at birth in the U.S. rose from 70.0 to 74.8 years for males, and from 77.4 to 80.2 years for females (from 1980 to 2022).

Data Notes

The method developed by C.L. Chiang was used to compute life expectancy.   [[br]][[br]] U.S. 2022 estimate from [https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/databriefs/db492.pdf]

Risk Factors

Life expectancy at birth is strongly influenced by infant and child mortality.

How Are We Doing?

Prevention and control of infectious diseases have had a profound impact on life expectancy during the 20th century. Improvements in nutrition, hygiene, and medical care also contributed to decreases in death rates throughout the lifespan. In the U.S., life expectancy at birth from 1900 to 2022 increased from 46.3 to 74.8 years for men, and from 48.3 to 80.2 years for women. However, with the outbreak of COVID-19, life expectancy in the U.S. decreased in 2021 to 76.4, declining by over two years from 78.8 in 2019. This same trend was seen in Utah. In 2020 and 2021, Utah life expectancy at birth were 78.9 years and 78.4 respectively, declining by 1.2 and 1.7 years from 80.1 in 2019. In Utah, the life expectancy rate increased back to 80.1 in 2023, which is the same as what it was in 2019.

What Is Being Done?

Now that people are living longer, it is important to look at ways that those added years can be lived in good health. Exercise, healthy diet and weight, not smoking, moderate use of alcohol, and injury prevention habits such as wearing seat belts all contribute to a healthy life span. Improvements in life expectancy increase the proportion of older individuals living in society. Policy-makers must be aware of this trend in order to provide viable and attractive options for elderly persons who require assistance with activities of daily living.