PHOM Indicator Profile Report of Smoking in the third trimester of pregnancy

Why Is This Important?

2022 Utah Vital Records data drawn from Certificates of Live Births indicate that 1.2% of women smoked during the last trimester of their pregnancies. Smoking before pregnancy can make it harder for women to get pregnant. During pregnancy, women who smoke cigarettes have a higher risk of delivering their infant too early and with low birth weight, making it more likely their infant will be sick and have to stay in the hospital longer. These infants also have a higher risk of having some kinds of birth defects such as cleft lip and palate. Infants whose mothers smoked during pregnancy or were exposed to secondhand smoke after delivery have a higher risk of sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS). There is no safe level of tobacco use or exposure for women and their infants. (50 Years of Progress: A Report of the Surgeon General: [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24455788])

Data Source

Utah Birth Certificate Database, Office of Vital Records and Statistics, Utah Department of Health and Human Services

Risk Factors

According to 2020-2022 Vital Records, the rate of smoking during the third trimester of pregnancy is highest among women 35-44 years of age. According to 2022 PRAMS data, smoking during the third trimester is more prevalent among women with no post high school education, who are unmarried, and have Medicaid for prenatal care.

How Are We Doing?

According to Utah Vital Records data, the percentage of people who smoked during the third trimester decreased from 1.7% in 2020 to 1.2% in 2022. Smoking during the third trimester was recorded at higher percentages among residents of rural local health districts such as Southeast (8.7%), TriCounty (6.0%), Central (2.9%), and Tooele (2.8%) compared to all Utah residents who gave birth from 2020-2022.

What Is Being Done?

The American Congress of Obstetricians and Gynecologists recommends that pregnant smokers be assessed for smoking activity and readiness to quit and provided resources to assist in cessation at each prenatal visit. In Utah, all local health departments screen pregnant clients for smoking and provide resources and referrals to promote cessation. The Utah Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS) Medicaid Program and Department of Workforce Services workers screen all pregnant applicants for tobacco use at the time of enrollment. Smokers are provided with cessation information and followed up every six weeks throughout their pregnancies. Medicaid clients tend to have higher smoking rates than average, so the DHHS Tobacco Prevention and Control Program (TPCP) partners with Medicaid to offer quitting services to their clients. The program offers services through the Utah Tobacco Quit Line and includes coverage of tobacco cessation medications and additional help for pregnant women. To inform Utahns about tobacco cessation strategies and quit services, the TPCP at the Utah Department of Health and Human Services maintains a comprehensive quit website - [http://waytoquit.org]. The Utah anti-tobacco marketing campaign encourages Utah smokers to make quit attempts and informs them about [http://waytoquit.org waytoquit.org] and other quit programs. Local health departments (LHDs) promote quit services at the community level and offer local programs to assist pregnant and teen smokers with quitting. In addition, the TPCP partners with healthcare providers and healthcare organizations such as the Association for Utah Community Health (AUCH) and Medicaid to improve access to quit services, counseling, and medications for populations with higher tobacco use rates. Beginning in April of 2016, the Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System (PRAMS) began asking about the use of e-cigarettes and hookah, before and during pregnancy. These questions are in addition to questions regarding cigarette smoking. PRAMS data from 2021 show 20.1% of the people who smoked e-cigarettes in the past two years, said they smoked e-cigarettes in the third trimester of their pregnancies. Additional information on smoking cessation, resources, and helpful website links can be found online at the March of Dimes website [http://www.marchofdimes.com] by clicking on ''Health Topics --> Pregnancy --> Is it safe? --> smoking during pregnancy.''[[br]] [[br]]